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Derek Parfit
(1942 - 2017)

Last affiliation: University of Oxford
  •  Home
  •  Publications
    102
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 More details
  • University of Oxford
    Faculty of Philosophy
    Unknown
Areas of Specialization
Metaphysics
Meta-Ethics
Normative Ethics
Areas of Interest
Metaphysics
Meta-Ethics
Normative Ethics
  • All publications (102)
  •  129
    How We Are not What We Believe
    In Reasons and Persons, Oxford Paperbacks. 1984.
    Examines how the Psychological Criterion of identity is not circular, since psychological continuity can be described in a way that does not presuppose identity. It explores the subject of experiences; souls or Cartesian egos; how a non‐reductionist, Cartesian view might have been true. It offers spectrum arguments against both the Physical and Psychological Criteria; how we think about ourselves in a way that would be justified only if a Cartesian view were true.
  •  120
    Five Mistakes in Moral Mathematics
    In Reasons and Persons, Oxford Paperbacks. 1984.
    Examines how we should assess the effects of our acts, especially when we act together with other people, why we should reject the share‐of‐the‐total view and accept the marginalist view, which appeals to the difference made by each act, why we should not ignore either small chances, or effects that are trivial or imperceptible. It also presents several cases in which effects are overdetermined. Rational altruism is also discussed.
  •  92
    Different Attitudes to Time
    In Reasons and Persons, Oxford Paperbacks. 1984.
    Discusses whether it is irrational to give no weight to past desires – desires that depend on value judgements or ideals; three attitudes to time: caring more about, or being biased towards, what is near, what is in the future and what is present – whether these attitudes are rational; the direction of causation; how it would be better for us if we were temporally neutral; Time's passage; and the asymmetry in our attitudes to our own lives and the lives of others.
  •  57
    Conclusions
    In Reasons and Persons, Oxford Paperbacks. pp. 111-114. 1984.
    Seeks to reduce the distance between Common‐Sense Morality and Consequentialism. Acts, dispositions, motives are also discussed.
  •  117
    Later selves and moral principles
    In Alan Montefiore (ed.), Philosophy and personal relations, Mcgill- Queen's University Press. pp. 137-169. 1973.
    What Matters in SurvivalMoral Particularism
  •  63
    Iv Lewis, Perry, and What Matters
    In Amélie Oksenberg Rorty (ed.), Identities of Persons, University of California Press. pp. 91-108. 1976.
  • Equality and priority
    In Derek Matravers & Jonathan Pike (eds.), Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology, Routledge. 2005.
    Equality
  •  179
    On What Matters: Volume Two
    Oxford University Press. 2011.
    This is the second volume of a major new work in moral philosophy. It starts with critiques of Derek Parfit's work by four eminent moral philosophers, and his responses. The largest part of the volume is a self-contained monograph on normativity. The final part comprises seven new essays on Kant, reasons, and why the universe exists.
    Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism
  •  118
    Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons
    In Susan Schneider (ed.), Science Fiction and Philosophy: From Time Travel to Superintelligence, Wiley-blackwell. 2016.
    This chapter discusses problems for informational patternism and the popular soul theory of personal identity, suggests that they are incoherent, and urges that the self does not really exist. It employs the science fiction pseudotechnology of a teleporter and presents the example of split brains from actual neuroscience cases. There are two theories about what persons are, and what is involved in a person's continued existence over time. On the Ego Theory, a person's continued existence cannot …Read more
    This chapter discusses problems for informational patternism and the popular soul theory of personal identity, suggests that they are incoherent, and urges that the self does not really exist. It employs the science fiction pseudotechnology of a teleporter and presents the example of split brains from actual neuroscience cases. There are two theories about what persons are, and what is involved in a person's continued existence over time. On the Ego Theory, a person's continued existence cannot be explained except as the continued existence of a particular Ego, or subject of experiences. According to the Bundle Theory we must claim that there are long series of different mental states and events, each series being what we call one life. The split‐brain cases provide one argument for one view about the nature of persons. In the other, a person's brain is divided, and the halves are transplanted in two different bodies.
  •  45
    Commentary on Parfit
    In Kim Atkins (ed.), Self and Subjectivity, Wiley-blackwell. 2008.
    This chapter contains section titled: Reasons and Persons, “What We Believe Ourselves to Be”
  •  74
    Improving Scanlon’s Contractualism
    In Markus Stepanians & Michael Frauchiger (eds.), Reason, Justification, and Contractualism: Themes from Scanlon, De Gruyter. pp. 109-118. 2021.
  •  44
    11. Reasons and Persons
    In John Martin Fischer (ed.), The Metaphysics of Death, Stanford University Press. pp. 191-218. 1993.
  •  295
    Experiences, subjects, and conceptual schemes
    Philosophical Topics 26 (1-2): 217-70. 1999.
    What Matters in Survival
  • Is common-sense morality self-defeating?
    In Samuel Scheffler (ed.), Consequentialism and its critics, Oxford University Press. 1988.
  •  1
    The unimportance of identity
    In John P. Lizza (ed.), Defining the beginning and end of life: readings on personal identity and bioethics, Johns Hopkins University Press. 2009.
  •  59
    The Social Obligations of the Scientist
    with Paul Sieghart, B. S. Drasar, J. C. B. Glover, V. A. S. Glover, M. J. Hill, and J. Issroff
    The Hastings Center Studies 1 (2): 7. 1973.
  •  99
    An Attack on the Social Discount Rate
    Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly 1 (1): 8. 1981.
  •  2
    Normativity
    In Russ Shafer-Landau (ed.), Oxford Studies in Metaethics: Volume 1, Clarendon Press. 2006.
    Normativity, Misc
  • Later Selves and Moral Principles
    In James Rachels (ed.), Ethical Theory 2: Theories About How We Should Live, Oxford University Press Uk. 1998.
  •  2930
    What We Together Do
    Collective Responsibility
  •  79
    Personal Identity
    In Tim Crane & Katalin Farkas (eds.), Metaphysics: a guide and anthology, Oxford University Press. 2004.
  •  7682
    Overpopulation and the Quality of Life
    In Muresan Valentin & Majima Shunzo (eds.), Applied Ethics: Perspectives from Romania, Center For Applied Ethics and Philosophy, Hokkaido University. pp. 145-164. 2013.
    How many people should there be? Can there be overpopulation: too many people living? I shall present a puzzling argument about these questions, show how this argument can be strengthened, then sketch a possible reply.
    AxiologyWell-Being, MiscPopulation EthicsAggregation and Consequentialism
  •  937
    Future People, the Non‐Identity Problem, and Person‐Affecting Principles
    Philosophy and Public Affairs 45 (2): 118-157. 2017.
    Suppose we discover how we could live for a thousand years, but in a way that made us unable to have children. Everyone chooses to live these long lives. After we all die, human history ends, since there would be no future people. Would that be bad? Would we have acted wrongly? Some pessimists would answer No. These people are saddened by the suffering in most people’s lives, and they believe it would be wrong to inflict such suffering on others by having children. In earlier centuries, this ble…Read more
    Suppose we discover how we could live for a thousand years, but in a way that made us unable to have children. Everyone chooses to live these long lives. After we all die, human history ends, since there would be no future people. Would that be bad? Would we have acted wrongly? Some pessimists would answer No. These people are saddened by the suffering in most people’s lives, and they believe it would be wrong to inflict such suffering on others by having children. In earlier centuries, this bleak view was fairly plausible. But our successors would be able to prevent most human suffering. Some optimists would also answer No . . . These [views] are, I believe, deeply mistaken. Given what our successors could achieve in the next million or billion years, here and elsewhere in our galaxy, it would be likely to be very much worse if there were no future people.
    Social and Political Philosophy
  •  9924
    Divided minds and the nature of persons
    In Colin Blakemore & Susan Greenfield (eds.), Mindwaves: Thoughts on Intelligence, Identity, and Consciousness, Blackwell. pp. 19-26. 1987.
    Fission and Split Brains
  •  28
    Persons, bodies, and human beings
    In Theodore Sider, John Hawthorne & Dean W. Zimmerman (eds.), Contemporary debates in metaphysics, Blackwell. 2008.
    PersonsPersons, Misc
  •  786
    Overpopulation and the quality of life
    In Jesper Ryberg (ed.), The repugnant conclusion, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. pp. 7-22. 2008.
    How many people should there be? Can there be overpopulation: too many people living? I shall present a puzzling argument about these questions, show how this argument can be strengthened, then sketch a possible reply.
    Population Ethics
  •  1
    How both human history and the history of ethics may just be beginning
    In Peter Singer (ed.), Ethics, Oxford University Press. pp. 391--393. 1994.
  •  1
    Justifiability to Each Person
    In Philip Stratton-Lake (ed.), On What We Owe to Each Other, Blackwell. pp. 67-89. 2004.
    Moral Contractualism
  •  308
    Comments
    Ethics 96 (4): 832-872. 1986.
    Population EthicsWhat Matters in SurvivalPersonal Identity and Normative EthicsPsychological Theorie…Read more
    Population EthicsWhat Matters in SurvivalPersonal Identity and Normative EthicsPsychological Theories of Personal Identity
  •  305
    The indeterminacy of identity: A reply to Brueckner
    Philosophical Studies 70 (1). 1993.
    What Matters in Survival
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