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335Process Thought and the Spaciness of MindProcess Studies 19 (3): 156-166. 1990.The process claim that matter is mentally infused and that mind or consciousness is spatially and temporally extended is explored. The views of Peirce, Whitehead, Hartshorne, Cobb, Ford and Griffin on the following questions are examined: If spacy, where are the occasions of human consciousness, how are they related to the brain, how large are they, and can they be externally perceived directly or with instruments? It is proposed that what is internally experienced as human consciousness is obje…Read more
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382On Being ‘Rational’ About NormsSouthern Journal of Philosophy 5 (3): 180-186. 1967.The theses of this paper i: I. that the attempt to found absolute norns on rationality presupposes the availability of a single universal absolute conception of rationality but that no such conception is available; and II. that any conception of rationality which might be available for justifying one's ultimate normative commitments is itself evaluative. “Rationality” itself is a value-laden concept, as are all its philosophical sub-divisions—logic, ethics, aesthetics, axiology, etc. Choosing ul…Read more
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490Kraus’s Boethian Interpretation of Whitehead’s GodProcess Studies 11 (1): 30-34. 1981.The Metaphysics of Experience: Companion to Whitehead’s Process and Reality by Elizabeth M. Kraus develops very classical, Boethian, atemporal understanding of Whitehead’s God. Kraus contends that Whitehead intended “to infer that the divine actual world includes all actual worlds in unison of becoming” (p. 164). Her position is that even in his consequent nature, God coexists simultaneously and changelessly with the entire past, present, and future of every occasion in every world or cosmic epo…Read more
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92Review of Freedom and Value (review)International Studies in Philosophy 10 219-221. 1978.This is a review of Robert O. Johann, ed., Freedom and Value, 1976 which consists of nine essays written by members of the Department of Philosophy at Fordham University. These deal with the nature and value of human freedom and its relations with other human values.
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25The New Science of Axiological PsychologyRodopi. 2005.This book uses scientific validity measures to create empirical value science and a normative new science of axiological psychology by integrating cognitive psychology with Robert S. Hartman’s formal theory of axiological science. It reveals a scientific way to identify and rank human values, achieving values appreciation, values clarification, and values measurement for the twenty first century. Rem B. Edwards edited it for publication, but its author is Leon Pomeroy.
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16A Return to Moral and Religious Philosophy in Early AmericaInternational Journal for Philosophy of Religion 14 (4): 256-256. 1982.
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44Review of The Rejection of Consequentialism (review)International Studies in Philosophy 18 (3): 90-92. 1986.
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13Forms of Value and Valuation: Theory and ApplicationsUniversity Press of America, Republished 2014 by Wipf & Stock. 1991, 2014.The book is written by members of the R.S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology to explain the significant advances which Hartman made in theoretical and applied axiology, to forge ahead where he left problems unsolved, and to develop applications of his theory of value in business, investments, psychology, education, ethics, cross cultural studies, and theology. Contents: Part I. Axiological Theory; Part II Applications of Axiology.
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25Reason and Religion: An Introduction to the Philosophy of ReligionUpa (Originallly published by Harcourt, 1972, again by Wipf & Stock, 2016). 1979.A constructive attempt to examine the traditional problems of the philosophy of religion in light of recently developed philosophical tools of analysis, concepts, and philosophical perspectives
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280Identification Ethics and SpiritualityJournal of Formal Axiology: Theory and Practice 9 1-17. 2016.This article explores a form of ethics and spirituality based on the nearly universal but often undeveloped human capacity for identifying self with others and with non-personal values. It begins with commonplace non-moral identification experiences, then describes identification with others in ethical and spiritual unions. Freud’s psychological emphasis on identification is linked with ethics and spirituality, though Freud would have objected. Robert S. Hartman’s three kinds of goodness—systemi…Read more
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81Moral Luck (review)International Studies in Philosophy 17 (1): 111-112. 1985.This is a review of Moral Luck Philosophical Papers 1973-1980 by Bernard Williams.
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535Intrinsic and extrinsic value and valuationJournal of Value Inquiry 13 (2): 133-143. 1979.This article critically examines the several definitions of, or elements of a single definition of, Robert S. Hartman's understanding of “intrinsic values,” “intrinsic evaluations,” “extrinsic values,” and “extrinsic valuations”. [I have since changed my mind about what is said in the last few sentences. I now think, with Hartman, that only unique, non-repeatable, conscious individuals have intrinsic worth. Repeatable qualities like pleasure and knowledge are “good for us” properties, but not “g…Read more
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137Defining Love: A Philosophical, Scientific, and Theological Engagement; and The Nature of Love: A TheologyAmerican Journal of Theology and Philosophy 32 (3): 276-281. 2011.These two remarkable books, both published in 2010, share many themes but differ in significant ways, and each is very much worth reading and pondering. Oord’s The Nature of Love concentrates primarily on conceptual and theological themes relating to the very nature of love itself and what influential theologians have had to say about love. His Defining Love focuses on how the social and physical sciences impact our understanding of human and divine love. Both books presuppose and express many t…Read more
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Review of The Works of Jonathan Edwards, vol. 13, The" Miscellanies," a-500Review of Metaphysics 50 (2): 396. 1996.
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224A criticism of Ross's hypothetical 'I can'Mind 69 (273): 80-83. 1960.This article argues that the hypothetical 'I Can' position of Sir David Ross is incompatible with his determinism.
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300Thomas Nagel., Equality and Partiality (review)International Studies in Philosophy 26 (2): 136-137. 1994.
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768Toward an Axiological Virtue EthicsEthical Research 3 (3): 21-48. 2013.This article introduces Formal Axiology, first developed by Robert S. Hartman, and explains its essential features—a formal definition of “good” (the “Form of the Good”), three basic kinds of value and evaluation—systemic, extrinsic, and intrinsic, and the hierarchy of value according to which good things having the richest quantity and quality of good-making properties are better than those having less. Formal Axiology is extended into moral philosophy by applying the Form of the Good to person…Read more
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75Pleasures and Pains: A Theory of Qualitative Hedonism (review)Philosophical Review 91 (1): 143-145. 1979.
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408Mental health as rational autonomyJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 6 (3): 309-322. 1981.Rather than eliminate the terms "mental health and illness" because of the grave moral consequences of psychiatric labeling, conservative definitions are proposed and defended. Mental health is rational autonomy, and mental illness is the sustained loss of such. Key terms are explained, advantages are explored, and alternative concepts are criticized. The value and descriptive components of all such definitions are consciously acknowledged. Where rational autonomy is intact, mental hospitals and…Read more
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19Fetz's misunderstandings of formal axiologyKriterion - Journal of Philosophy 1 (13): 24-30. 1999.
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486Tom Regan's Seafaring Dog and (Un) Equal Inherent WorthBetween the Species 9 (4): 231-235. 1993.Tom Regan's seafaring dog that is justifiably thrown out of the lifeboat built for four to save the lives of four humans has been the topic of much discussion. Critics have argued in a variety of ways that this dog nips at Regan's Achilles heel. Without reviewing previous discussions, with much of which I certainly agree, this article develops an unexplored approach to exposing the vulnerability of the position that Regan takes on sacrificing the dog to save the humans. It argues that when deali…Read more
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14This book features two old philosophical friends engaged in lively personal and intellectual conversations. Wary of any dogmatism, their dialogues explore the Big Bang and the joy of grandchildren, value theory and terrorism, God and art, metaphor and meaning, while assessing the thought of Robert S. Hartman, Alfred North Whitehead, Charles Hartshorne, H. Richard Niebuhr, and others.
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106Review of Religion and Violence (review)Review of Metaphysics 57 (4): 833-834. 2004.If you relish paradoxes, this is the book for you. The writings quoted are full of them; the book is largely about “a category beyond all categories”, “atemporal temporality”, “the radical possibility of the impossible itself”, the “concept without concept”, “the myth of the myth, the metaphor of the metaphor”, “hospitality-without-hospitality, brotherhood-without-brotherhood, messianicity-without-messianism”, “relation without relation”, “ethics beyond ethics”, and “the One plus or minus One, n…Read more
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967Judaism, Process Theology, and Formal Axiology: A Preliminary StudyProcess Studies 43 (2): 87-103. 2014.This article approaches Judaism through Rabbi Bradley S. Artson’s book, God of Becoming and Relationships: The Dynamic Nature of Process Theology. It explores his understanding of how Jewish theology should and does cohere with central features of both process theology and Robert S. Hartman’s formal axiology. These include the axiological/process concept of God, the intrinsic value and valuation of God and unique human beings, and Jewish extrinsic and systemic values, value combinations, and val…Read more
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28Matters of Faith and Matters of Principle (review)Review of Metaphysics 36 (4): 956-958. 1983.In this promising and well written book, the author struggles with the question of how basic religious beliefs can be groundless without being irrational. He notes that the axiomatic beliefs--philosophical, scientific, or religious--which ground all areas of human knowledge, are groundless in the sense of being unsupported by more primitive evidential considerations. He wishes to avoid purely non-cognitivist accounts of religious belief as purely subjective expressions of tastes, preferences, va…Read more
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387Is an Existential System Possible?International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 17 (3). 1985.The article critiques Kierkegaard's understanding of an "existential system" and relates his theology to Classical and Process Theism
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428Discussion: The truth and falsity of definitionsPhilosophy of Science 33 (1/2): 76. 1966.This article examines several answers to the question, can lexical definitions be true or false.
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362Why we should not use some drugs for pleasureIn S. Luper-Foy C. Brown (ed.), Drugs, Morality, and the Law, Garland. pp. 183. 1994.The article explains why we should not use dangerous drugs for pleasure.
Emory University
PhD, 1962
APA Eastern Division
Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
Areas of Specialization
2 more
Metaphysics |
Philosophy of Mind |
Philosophy of Religion |
Meta-Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Metaphysics and Epistemology |
Value Theory |
Areas of Interest
1 more
Metaphysics |
Philosophy of Religion |
Meta-Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Metaphysics and Epistemology |
Value Theory |