X. Lin

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in core self-evaluation scores among Chinese employees during 2010–2019. We conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis including 50 studies to evaluate the relationship between the year of data collection and levels of CSE. We found that correlations between levels of CSE and year of data collection were strong and positive. Regression results showed that the year of data collection could predict the CSE score when the mean sample age and sex ratio were controlled. In addition, CSE scores were positively related to GDP per capita and negatively related to the unemployment rate.

Part of speech feature is the representation between syntactic morphology and semantic category. Priming effect experiment can test the correlation between the parts of speech feature and the lexical processing process. This article puts forward part of speech representation paradigmatic and syntagmatic effect hypotheses. The experiments applied the design pattern of 3 ∗ 2 ∗ 3. Subjects are requested to make options of the part of speech of the target words. This study shows that when Chinese English learners extract an individual word, their choices are still influenced by part of speech factor without the restrictions of constructive syntagmatic semantic conditions. Both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic effects are verified. Part of speech priming effect intensity is influenced by the English acquisition levels of the subjects.

This study, which considers the exchange that occurs between civilisations, attempts to re-examine the question pertaining to the authenticity of sutra. The Guanjing [Guan Wulingshou jing 觀無量壽經 Skt. Amitāyur Dhyāna Sūtra; Contemplation Sūtra], which is an influential Buddhist text, immensely facilitated the first transmission of Zen Buddhism that occurred during the Middle Ages, and it promoted the spread of the Pure Land thought. Because of the modern academic research on the Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha, the discussion pertaining to the authenticity of the Guanjing has become prominent, and for more than half a century, issues pertaining to the place in which it was compiled, the time of its establishment and the absence of the Sanskrit and Tibetan texts have received research attention. Buddhist texts have spread from India to China. If a general literature and linguistics perspective is adopted, the availability of a sutra in the original Indian language becomes a criterion for determining its reliability and authenticity. In addition, the translator, the place in which the translation occurred, the time of translation and the relationship with similar scriptures are all significant factors that can determine whether a sutra is an allegedly forged manuscript.Contribution: This article contributes to the understanding of the authenticity and counterfeit nature of Guanjing through a civilisational exchange perspective. This study differs from previous thinking only in terms of Sinicized sects, and the article analyses the possible Indian and Central Asian sources of the text, pointing out the forms in which the Guanjing and Ajātaśatru are reflected.

Preposition stranding refers to a syntactic construction in which a preposition is left without a following object. It is more often found in spoken language than in formal written language. This kind of construction is commonly found in English, but also in other Germanic languages or dialects, and also in some languages belonging to the Niger-Congo family, but it is almost non-existent in standard Mandarin. However, we can find stranded, hanging or dangling prepositions in contemporary various dialects, such as in the Zhangjiakou dialect. See, among others, the research works of Zong 5:532–543, 2019), Guo 2:23–36, 2009), and Zhang 3:288–303, 2009). It is also assumed that preposition stranding was quite common in Archaic Chinese and also in Medieval Chinese as well, but in lesser proportions. However, no systematic analysis has been done yet on these former stages of the Chinese language, and especially for Early Medieval and Late Medieval Chinese, when the Classical Chinese prepositions yǐ and yú have become obsolete and have been replaced by other prepositions. See Liu. Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe, 2017). This article tries to fill this gap and to show that there has been the following typological evolution from Archaic to Medieval and later Modern Chinese: [more preposition stranding] > [less preposition stranding].

Copyright © 2014, Lin et al.Circadian clocks serve as internal pacemakers that influence many basic homeostatic processes; consequently, the expression and function of their components are tightly regulated by intricate networks of feedback loops that fine-tune circadian processes. Our knowledge of these components and pathways is far from exhaustive. In recent decades, the nuclear envelope has emerged as a global gene regulatory machine, although its role in circadian regulation has not been explored. We report that transcription of the core clock component BMAL1 is positively modulated by the inner nuclear membrane protein MAN1, which directly binds the BMAL1 promoter and enhances its transcription. Our results establish a novel connection between the nuclear periphery and circadian rhythmicity, therefore bridging two global regulatory systems that modulate all aspects of bodily functions.

Symbols and symbol systems are rooted in the social principles among the ear skin with disabilities this orientation, opened his semiotic theory. In the European tradition, Saussure will also be the symbol of life to research into the social life, and this together with leather ears who is considered the founder of modern semiotics. This article first scientist in the symbol Ai Kou for both reflection, to discuss the language of symbols and structural social convention, and Ai Kou made ​​the field of semiotics, which is when the nature of further as a fundamental principle of scientific culture. Second, these development-oriented thinking, in this paper but also with the development of sociology has a logical link with comparison. Relative to the sociology of language in the discussion of symbols, semiotics has its own methodological orientation, and for language features and classification symbol itself, there is a clearer explanation. Symbols and symbol systems as a basis of sociological principles was first revealed in CS Pierce's theory of semiotics. F. de Saussure has also incorporated semiotics in his studies of traditional European society. Thus, he along with Pierce are considered the founders of modern symbology. This article intends to initially use the semiologist U. Eco 's reflections on the above two pioneers in discussing sociological language symbol's conventions and structure. I would especially like to examine how we could employ Eco's "realm of semotics" in advancing a basis for a "scientific culture. "Secondly, this art ide would like to examine the logical link between semiotics and sociology and make a comparison. I will also discuss the relevance of language symbols in the above sociological theories. Semiotics has its own metho dologies, this article would like to explain a bit clearly the special characteristics of semiotics and its differences with language symbols

As the "'54 'births, Lu Yin's life story full of twists and turns of moving. She is the first history of modern Chinese literature, the transition from traditional society to the Fourth New era of the knowledge of women. As a new era of women, Lu Yin depicts in his work and thinking of women in a variety of difficulties. Described by many women in her image, the prevalence of Lu Yin particularly fond of writing the female body and its various related heart / spirit. Those suffering from pain and suffering of women, showing a rich body of writing, involving many metaphors in the writing and interpretation of the text to provide a lot of reading space. Lu Yin women ill engraved, can be said to constitute the "May Fourth" women's literature in the most mournful painful, and it is most noteworthy phenomenon and women's literature written in the body construction. Lu Yin, as a newborn writer of the May-fourth Movement with a tortuous life and moving stories, was one of the earliest knowledgeable females from the traditional society to the May-fourth new era in China modem literature history. She described various troubles of the females in her works and she specially liked to write the features of the ill females' bodies, spirit and mind actions which provide many possibilities for interpreting. Lu Yin's sickly body describing was the most miserable body writing phenomena in the female literature during May- fourth period and should be taken the most seriously

Back in the 1940s, Feng Qi from the perspective of political science, will be regarded as middle class liberal ideology, and stressed liberalism and individualism, collectivism opposition. After 1949, Feng Qi has the freedom to accept the Marxist theory, that human freedom is the recognition of necessity. Since the late 1980s, Feng Qi, said the liberal theory of integration with the wisdom, established a philosophy of individual freedom of the rich theoretical system. In as early as the 1940s, Feng Qi regarded liberalism as the ideology of the middle social stratum and proposed that liberalism is in opposition to individualism and collectivism. After 1949, Feng Qi accepted the Marxist theory of freedom, and pointed out that freedom lies in the recognition of necessity. After the late eighties, Feng Qi integrated the freedom theory and the wisdom theory, and established a theoretical system of freedom which is distinctively of his own

Department of the New Deal was a major political faction within the KMT, its members or the cabinet has the Nanjing national government, or provincial and local served as high officials. Qun is an important member of the Department of the New Deal, had ruled Shanghai, Hubei, Sichuan, although in different historical periods, but are able to actively governance, to promote local economic, political, and social development efforts, to varying degrees, contributed to China the modernization process, reflecting the Department of the New Deal has extensive experience of local administration and political development of modern China have an important impact. New-Zheng Xue Xi was one of the chief political wings within the Chinese Kuomintang. Most of its members either took important positions in Nanjing National Government, or served essential positions at provincial and municipal level. As an important representative of New-Zheng Xue Xi , Zhang Quo had successively been in control of the administration of Shanghai, Hubei and Sichuan. Although his efforts covered different historical period, Zhang had been able to actively exert himself to promote local economic, political and social development. To some extant, Zhang Qun's efforts drove the modernization process of China and demonstrated that New-Zheng Xue Xi indeed had? rich experience in local administrative practices, which produced great impacts on political development in Modern Chins

Marx's concept of production is not only in the sense of understanding of historical materialism, but should be placed in the entire history of Western philosophy to dialysis. The theory of commodity fetishism by the specific analysis, we believe that the duality of Marx's labor theory of sublimation of Kant's thing-in theory, the relations of production areas to expose the history of Western philosophy is the pursuit of the illusion of certainty of abstract identity, revealing the dialectic essence of the historical circumstances and human relations. Relations of production within the context of a critical attitude towards both the change in the basic formulation of the question of philosophy, but also reshape the basic position of philosophy, history of philosophy to achieve great change. Marx's category of mode of production should not only be interpreted in sense of historical materialism but also be melted into the integration of western philosophy history. By the concrete analyzing on Marx's theory of commodity fetishism, we come to the conclusion that not only was the theory of duality of labor as sublimation on Kant's theory of object in itself, but also Marx's category of relationship of production uncovered the abstract identity vision in which western philosophy have been in pursuit of the certitude from Enlightenment on, furthermore revealed the relation between core spirit of dialectic and human being 'historical circumstances. The critical attitude rooted into the theory of mode of production has changed the question mode as remolded the basic standpoint of philosophy and achieved the great transformation in philosophy history

The early 1930s, the Nanjing National Government response to the needs of provincial reform, the implementation of the provincial government's administrative reform co-located, first tried in five provinces, and then gradually extended to most provinces, reached financial savings, reduced staff, accountability , decrees and administrative efficiency of a unified effect. But the provincial government to reverse the question can not be co-located in Nanjing national government's political system limitations. The Kuomintang government carried on the administrative reformation to adopt the policy of the provincial government working in a united office in the early 1930s, which made experiments firstly in 5 provinces, and then extended gradually to other provinces. It was significant and helpful to reduce the financial expenses and the clerks, to define responsibility, to take the united government decree, and to improve the administrative efficiency

As a typical ideology of civil society, Hegel has two moods and general physical and chemical idealism and sense of capitalism, making it the dominant concept of fetishism and capital fetishism hidden metaphysical evil fit. Hegel, Marx beyond not only carried out in a heavy mood, must also oppose the general sense of idealism and materialized, we must oppose the concept of fetishism, but also a thorough critique of the capitalist mode of production. Thus, Hegel, Marx beyond is a comprehensive, profound, beyond the totality. Necessary to go beyond the philosophy, but also go beyond the civil society, the fundamental nature of Marxist theory is to change the world