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Actions, Causes, and Mental AscriptionsIn Howard Robinson (ed.), Objections to Physicalism, Clarendon Press. 1996.
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410 Women and children firstIn K. W. M. Fulford, Grant Gillett & Janet Martin Soskice (eds.), Medicine and Moral Reasoning, Cambridge University Press. pp. 3--131. 1994.
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35Representations and cognitive scienceInquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 32 (September): 261-77. 1989.'Representation' is a concept which occurs both in cognitive science and philosophy. It has common features in both settings in that it concerns the explanation of behaviour in terms of the way the subject categorizes and systematizes responses to its environment. The prevailing model sees representations as causally structured entities correlated on the one hand with elements in a natural language and on the other with clearly identifiable items in the world. This leads to an analysis of repres…Read more
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26Duties to Kin Through a Tragi-Comic LensJournal of Bioethical Inquiry 11 (2): 173-180. 2014.Euripides’ Alcestis (1959) raises the issue of ethical duties within families and exposes the romantic postures and rhetoric that can dominate such discussions. Should anybody be asked to sacrifice themselves or even undergo significant health risks for members of their own family? (An issue that is also relevant in considering our duties to future generations in terms of the earth we leave to them.) The issue that is dramatized to a heroic level in Alcestis arises in live organ and tissue donat…Read more
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295Perception and neuroscienceBritish Journal for the Philosophy of Science (March) 83 (March): 83-103. 1989.Perception is often analysed as a process in which causal events from the environment act on a subject to produce states in the mind or brain. The role of the subject is an increasing feature of neuroscientific and cognitive literature. This feature is linked to the need for an account of the normative aspects of perceptual competence. A holographic model is offered in which objects are presented to the subject classified according to rules governing concepts and encoded in brain function in tha…Read more
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13The Human Spirit and Responsive Equilibrium: End of Life Care and UncertaintyAsian Bioethics Review 7 (3): 292-305. 2015.
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25Concepts, structures, and meaningsInquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 30 (March): 101-112. 1987.Concepts are basic elements of thought. Piaget has a conception of the nature of concepts as informational or computational operations performed in an inner milieu and enabling the child to understand the world in which it lives and acts. Concepts are, however, not merely logico?mathematical but are also conceptually linked to the mastery of language which itself involves the appropriate use of words in social and interpersonal settings. In the light of Vygotsky's work on the social and interact…Read more
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46Social causation and cognitive neuroscienceJournal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 23 (1). 1993.
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22Are mental events preceded by their physical causes?Philosophical Psychology 8 (4): 333-340. 1995.Libet's experiments, supported by a strict one-to-one identity thesis between brain events and mental events, have prompted the conclusion that physical events precede the mental events to which they correspond. We examine this claim and conclude that it is suspect for several reasons. First, there is a dual assumption that an intention is the kind of thing that causes an action and that can be accurately introspected. Second, there is a real problem with the method of timing the mental events c…Read more
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51Killing, letting die and moral perceptionBioethics 8 (4). 1994.ABSTRACTThere are a number of arguments that purport to show, in general terms, that there is no difference between killing and letting die. These are used to justify active euthanasia on the basis of the reasons given for allowing patients to die. I argue that the general and abstract arguments fail to take account of the complex and particular situations which are found in the care of those with terminal illness. When in such situations, there are perceptions and intuitions available that do n…Read more
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16Bioethics and Literature: An Exciting OverlapJournal of Bioethical Inquiry 11 (2): 135-136. 2014.This symposium represents the first major foray of the Journal of Bioethical Inquiry into what may well become one of its significant strands of scholarship. The JBI has always encouraged critical and marginal areas of bioethics scholarship and particularly those which make use of contemporary continental philosophy and cultural theory in addition to traditional analytic methods. For that reason this symposium is an expression of a “natural fit” or a “match made in heaven” (or at least the Plato…Read more
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40AIDS and ConfidentialityJournal of Applied Philosophy 4 (1): 15-20. 1987.ABSTRACT AIDS raises the moral problem of confidentiality because those in sexual contact with the patient may contract a life‐threatening and incurable disease. Medicine has a tradition in which a patient's condition is regarded as confidential information held by the doctor alone. In this case there is a clear moral inclination to inform those at risk from the disease. In most cases no problem will arise but when it does the moral justification for a violation of confidentiality comes into que…Read more
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78Husserl, Wittgenstein and the snark: Intentionality and social naturalismPhilosophy and Phenomenological Research 57 (2): 331-349. 1997.The Snark is an intentional object. I examine the general philosophical characteristics of thoughts of objects from the perspective of Husserl's, hyle, noesis, and noema and show how this meets constraints of opacity, normativity, and possible existence as generated by a sensitive theory of intentionality. Husserl introduces terms which indicate the normative features of intentional content and attempts to forge a direct relationship between the norms he generates and the actual world object whi…Read more
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15Reasoning in bioethicsBioethics 17 (3). 2003.It is striking that some arguments in the bioethical literature seem implausible, counterintuitive, and even ridiculous when reported to competent moral agents. When examined, these arguments bear uncanny resemblances to the discourse of patients with debilitating mental disorders. I examine the kinds of irrationality involved, and discuss the fact that such irrationality is worrying in a discipline that purports to serve as a guide for real‐life practical reasoning. I offer some thoughts about …Read more
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24The bioethical structure of a human beingJournal of Applied Philosophy 20 (2). 2003.Bioethical debates such as those surrounding the manipulation of human embryos are often based on metaphysical assumptions that lack a foundation in the natural sciences. In this paper we support a gradualist position whereby the embryo progressively takes on the form and associated ethical significance of a human being. We support this position by introducing a concept of biological structure or form to show how the gradualist position has its metaphysical foundations in modern biology. The con…Read more
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60The use of human tissueJournal of Bioethical Inquiry 4 (2): 119-127. 2007.The use of human tissue raises ethical issues of great concern to health care professionals, biomedical researchers, ethics committees, tissue banks and policy makers because of the heightened importance given to informed consent and patient autonomy. The debate has been intensified by high profile scandals such as the “baby hearts” debacle and revelations about the retention of human brains in neuropathology laboratories worldwide. Respect for patient’s rights seems, however, to impede research…Read more
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37Freedom of the will and mental contentRatio 6 (2): 89-107. 1993.The idea of freedom of the will seems to conflict with the principle of causal efficacy implicit in many theories of mind. The conflict is normally resolved within a compatibilist view whereby the desires and beliefs of the agent, replete with a respectable if yet to be elucidated causal pedigree, are taken to be the basis of individual freedom. The present view is an alternative which erects mental content on a framework of rule following and then argues that rule‐following is conceptually dist…Read more
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37The moral demands of memory & Talking cures and placebo effects (review)Journal of Applied Philosophy 26 (4): 420-422. 2009.No Abstract
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33Consciousness, the brain and what mattersBioethics 4 (3). 1990.Grant Gillett argues that it is consciousness which makes a human or other being the 'locus of ethical value'. Since cortical functioning is, in Gillett's view, necessary for conscious activity, an individual whose neocortex is permanently non-functional is no longer a locus of ethical value and cannot be benefited or harmed in a morally relevant sense. This means that there is no obligation to continue treating those who have suffered neocortical death
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60Neuroethics, Neo-Lockeanism, and Embodied SubjectivityPhilosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 20 (1): 43-46. forthcoming.
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60The Future of Religion ‐ By Gianni Vattimo and Richard Rorty and On Evil ‐ By Adam Morton and The Problem of Evil and the Problem of God ‐ By D. Z. Phillips (review)Journal of Applied Philosophy 24 (4): 435-438. 2007.
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120Moral responsibility, consciousness and psychiatryAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39 (11): 1018-1021. 2005.
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16Minding and Caring about Ethics in Brain InjuryHastings Center Report 46 (3): 44-45. 2016.Joseph Fins's book Rights Come to Mind: Brain Injury, Ethics, and the Struggle for Consciousness is a considerable addition to the literature on disorders of consciousness and the murky area of minimally conscious states. Fins brings to this fraught area of clinical practice and neuroethical analysis a series of stories and reflections resulting in a pressing and sustained ethical challenge both to clinicians and to health care systems. The challenge is multifaceted, with diagnostic and therapeu…Read more
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University of OtagoDepartment of Philosophy
Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
Areas of Specialization
Philosophy of Mind |
Continental Philosophy |
Areas of Interest
Philosophy of Mind |
Continental Philosophy |