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484Epistemic Humility and Medical Practice: Translating Epistemic Categories into Ethical ObligationsJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 37 (1): 28-48. 2012.Physicians and other medical practitioners make untold numbers of judgments about patient care on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. These judgments fall along a number of spectrums, from the mundane to the tragic, from the obvious to the challenging. Under the rubric of evidence-based medicine, these judgments will be informed by the robust conclusions of medical research. In the ideal circumstance, medical research makes the best decision obvious to the trained professional. Even when practic…Read more
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70Epistemic Trust, Epistemic Responsibility, and Medical PracticeJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 33 (4): 302-320. 2008.Epistemic trust is an unacknowledged feature of medical knowledge. Claims of medical knowledge made by physicians, patients, and others require epistemic trust. And yet, it would be foolish to define all epistemic trust as epistemically responsible. Accordingly, I use a routine example in medical practice to illustrate how epistemically responsible trust in medicine is trust in epistemically responsible individuals. I go on to illustrate how certain areas of current medical practice of medicine …Read more
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70Saying Privacy, Meaning ConfidentialityAmerican Journal of Bioethics 11 (11): 44-45. 2011.The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 11, Page 44-45, November 2011
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62Applying Heuristics and Biases More Broadly and CautiouslyAmerican Journal of Bioethics 16 (5): 25-27. 2016.
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35Formal and effective autonomy in healthcareJournal of Medical Ethics 32 (10): 575-579. 2006.This essay lays the groundwork for a novel conception of autonomy that may be called “effective autonomy”—a conception designed to be genuinely action guiding in bioethics. As empirical psychology research on the heuristics and biases approach shows, decision making commonly fails to correspond to people’s desires because of the biases arising from bounded cognition. People who are classified as autonomous on contemporary philosophical accounts may fail to be effectively autonomous because their…Read more
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30What is managed care anyway?American Journal of Bioethics 6 (1). 2006.1The opinions contained in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed as policies of the American Medical Association
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27Biobanks and the Human MicrobiomeIn Rosamond Rhodes, Nada Gligorov & Abraham Schwab (eds.), The Human Microbiome: Ethical, Legal and Social Concerns, Oxford University Press. 2013.
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25The ASBH code of ethics and the limits of professional healthcare ethics consultationsJournal of Medical Ethics 42 (8): 504-509. 2016.From the beginning, a code of ethics for bioethicists has been conceived of as part of a movement to professionalise the field. In advocating for such a code, Baker repeatedly identifies 'having a code of ethics' with 'professionalization'. The American Society of Bioethics and Humanities echoes this view in their code of ethics for healthcare ethics consultants 1 and the subsequent publication in the American Journal of Bioethics.2 Taking for granted that a code of ethics could be a valuable as…Read more
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23De Minimis Risk: A Proposal for a New Category of Research RiskAmerican Journal of Bioethics 11 (11): 1-7. 2011.In this article the authors reflect on regulations which have been developed to protect research subjects and data in research which uses human subjects. They suggest that regulations related to informed consent and privacy protection are burdensome in research which uses human subjects. They argue that a new category of research risk must be established which informs research subjects of the level of risk that they will be exposed to by participating in the research
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22Systemic versus Severable Conflicts of InterestBusiness and Professional Ethics Journal 40 (2): 223-242. 2021.This paper is split into two parts. The first half analyzes conflicts of interests’ effects on judgment, the harms these effects threaten, and our current policies and practices for handling conflicts of interest. This analysis relies on scholarship in several fields, most prominently psychology, all of which have reasons to worry about conflicts of interest. This analysis will show that our current classifications of conflicts of interest and our current strategies for handling conflicts of int…Read more
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21The Limits of Intuition in Medicine: A Review of Hillel Braude's Intuition in Medicine: A Philosophical Defense of Clinical Reasoning (review)American Journal of Bioethics 14 (6): 54-55. 2014.No abstract
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20Practice and Protocol Analyses of Cost- Effectiveness: An Inconvenient DistinctionEthics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine 1 (3): 187-197. 2010.Using four examples of cost-effectiveness analyses, I argue that discussions of and research on cost-effectiveness in medical practice should clearly delineate between protocol and practice cost-effectiveness analyses. Failure to do so risks confusing conclusions that warrant substantial confidence and limited applicability with conclusions with broader applicability but more limited confidence. Further, these different types of analyses incorporate different sets of values. I argue that some fa…Read more
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18Should I Stay or Should I Go? A Bioethical Analysis of Healthcare Professionals' and Healthcare Institutions' Moral Obligations During Active Shooter Incidents in Hospitals — A Narrative Review of the LiteratureJournal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 48 (2): 340-351. 2020.Active shooter incidents have unfortunately become a common occurrence the world over. There is no country, city, or venue that is safe from these tragedies, and healthcare institutions are no exception. Healthcare facilities have been the targets of active shooters over the last several decades, with increasing incidents occurring over the last decade. People who work in healthcare have a professional and moral obligation to help patients. As concerns about the possibility of such incidents inc…Read more
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17Letter to the Editor: Would You Know an Undue Inducement If You Saw One?American Journal of Bioethics 5 (5). 2005.
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16The Realistic Costs and Benefits of Translational ResearchAmerican Journal of Bioethics 8 (3): 60-62. 2008.
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16When Subtle Deception Turns into an Outright LieAmerican Journal of Bioethics 9 (12): 30-32. 2009.
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15The Recipe for Overreaching RegulationAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 (8): 55-56. 2010.This Article does not have an abstract
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15Calibrating Confident Judgments About Medically Unexplained SymptomsAmerican Journal of Bioethics 18 (5): 36-37. 2018.
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15Defining Conflicts of Interest in Terms of JudgmentBusiness and Professional Ethics Journal 38 (1): 111-131. 2019.Conflicts of interest represent one of the defining problems of our time, and yet a clear definition of what constitutes a conflict of interest remains elusive. To move us closer to resolving this problem, this article first reviews and critiques attempts to define conflicts of interest, and, second, uses these critiques to ground a more conceptually consistent and practically useful definition. This definition builds on, but also breaks away from Michael Davis’s definition of conflicts of inter…Read more
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14The Details Are in the FieldAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 (1): 19-21. 2010.The article reviews the article "The Pitfalls of Deducing Ethics From Behavioral Economics: Why the Association of American Medical Colleges Is Wrong About Pharmaceutical Detailing," by T. S. Huddle in the January 1, 2010 issue of "American Journal of Bioethics."
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12The human microbiome: ethical, legal and social concerns (edited book)Oxford university press. 2013.Human microbiome research has revealed that legions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi live on our skin and within the cavities of our bodies. New knowledge from these recent studies shows that humans are superorganisms and that the microbiome is indispensible to our lives and our health. This volume explores some of the science on the human microbiome and considers the ethical, legal, and social concerns that are raised by this research.
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9The human microbiome is the bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cover our skin, line our intestines, and flourish in our body cavities. Work on the human microbiome is new, but it is quickly becoming a leading area of biomedical research. What scientists are learning about humans and our microbiomes could change medical practice by introducing new treatment modalities. This new knowledge redefines us as superorganisms comprised of the human body and the collection of microbes that inhabit it and r…Read more