•  1346
    The purpose of this article is to show that animal rights are not necessarily at odds with the use of animals for research. If animals hold basic moral rights similar to those of humans, then we should consequently extend the ethical requirements guiding research with humans to research with animals. The article spells out how this can be done in practice by applying the seven requirements for ethical research with humans proposed by Ezekiel Emanuel, David Wendler and Christine Grady to animal r…Read more
  •  632
    Background Implicit biases are present in the general population and among professionals in various domains, where they can lead to discrimination. Many interventions are used to reduce implicit bias. However, uncertainties remain as to their effectiveness. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching ERIC, PUBMED and PSYCHINFO for peer-reviewed studies conducted on adults between May 2005 and April 2015, testing interventions designed to reduce implicit bias, with results measured usin…Read more
  •  353
    Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: Should We Rethink the Animal–Human Interface?
    with Ioannis Magouras, Victoria J. Brookes, Ferran Jori, Dirk Udo Pfeiffer, and Salome Dürr
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science 582743 (7). 2020.
  •  204
    Epidemics and food security: the duties of local and international communities
    In Hanna Schübel & Ivo Wallimann-Helmer (eds.), Justice and food security in a changing climate, Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp. 408-413. 2021.
    Over 60% of all epidemics have a zoonotic origin, that is, they result from the transmission of infectious diseases from animals to humans. The spill-over of diseases often happens because humans exploit and use animals. In this article, I outline the four most common interfaces that favour the emergence and spread of zoonotic infectious diseases: wildlife hunting, small-scale farming, industrialised farming practices and live animal markets. I analyse which practices serve human food security –…Read more
  •  198
    Limited Aggregation for Resolving Human-Wildlife Conflicts
    with Matthias Eggel
    Ethics, Policy and Environment 1. 2022.
    Human-wildlife interactions frequently lead to conflicts – about the fair use of natural resources, for example. Various principled accounts have been proposed to resolve such interspecies conflicts. However, the existing frameworks are often inadequate to the complexities of real-life scenarios. In particular, they frequently fail because they do not adequately take account of the qualitative importance of individual interests, their relative importance, and the number of individuals affected. …Read more
  •  159
    Decision-making under non-ideal circumstances: Establishing triage protocols for animal shelters
    In Valéry Giroux, Angie Pepper & Kristin Voigt (eds.), The Ethics of Animal Shelters, Oxford University Press. 2023.
    In this chapter, it is argued that some animal shelters fulfill the conditions that make triage protocols necessary, namely, the operation with limited financial budgets, space, medical resources, and staff. It is suggested that requirements presented for triage in humans can be fruitfully applied to the context of animal shelters. The focus lies on the criteria of maximizing benefit, justice, medical criteria, life-span considerations, fair decision-making, patient will, re-evaluation of triage…Read more
  •  151
    Limited aggregation and zoonotic disease outbreaks
    with Matthias Eggel
    Transforming Food Systems: Ethics, Innovation and Responsibility. Eursafe Conference Proceedings. 2022.
    Human and animal interests are often in conflict. In many situations, however, it is unclear how to evaluate and weigh competing human and animal interests, as the satisfaction of the interests of one group often inevitably occurs at the expense of those of the other group. Human-animal conflicts of this kind give rise to ethical questions. If animals count morally for their own sake, then we must ask in which cases the satisfaction or frustration of the interests of humans and animals in confli…Read more
  •  74
    There is broad agreement that humans can be wronged independently of their incurring any harm, that is, when their welfare is not affected. Examples include unnoticed infringements of privacy, ridiculing unaware individuals, or disregarding individuals’ autonomous decision-making in their best interest. However, it is less clear whether the same is true of animals—that is, whether moral agents can wrong animals in situations that do not involve any harm to the animals concerned. In order to answ…Read more
  •  52
    Fleshing Out Vulnerability
    with Nicolas Tavaglione, Nathalie Mezger, Sophie Durieux-Paillard, Anne François, Yves Jackson, and Samia A. Hurst
    Bioethics 29 (2): 98-107. 2013.
    In the literature on medical ethics, it is generally admitted that vulnerable persons or groups deserve special attention, care or protection. One can define vulnerable persons as those having a greater likelihood of being wronged – that is, of being denied adequate satisfaction of certain legitimate claims. The conjunction of these two points entails what we call the Special Protection Thesis. It asserts that persons with a greater likelihood of being denied adequate satisfaction of their legit…Read more
  •  47
    Assisted Suicide is Compatible with Medical Ethos
    with Alex Mauron and Samia A. Hurst
    American Journal of Bioethics 11 (6). 2011.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 6, Page 55-57, June 2011
  •  45
    Resolving the Conflict: Clarifying ‘Vulnerability’ in Health Care Ethics
    with Nicolas Tavaglione and Samia Hurst
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 24 (1): 51-72. 2014.
    Vulnerability has been extensively discussed in medical research, but less so in health care. Thus, who the vulnerable in this domain are still remains an open question. One difficulty in their identification is due to the general criticism that vulnerability is not a property of only some, but rather of everyone. By presenting a philosophical analysis of the conditions of vulnerability ascription, we show that these seemingly irreconcilable understandings of vulnerability are not contradictory.…Read more
  •  41
    Animal Vulnerability and its Ethical Implications: An Exploration
    Journal of Applied Philosophy 38 (2): 196-216. 2019.
    While human vulnerability has been discussed for some time in the contemporary philosophy and bioethics literature, animal vulnerability has received less attention. In this article, I investigate whether the concept of vulnerability, as it is currently used in bioethics, can be meaningfully extended to animals. Furthermore, I discuss the ethical implications of ascribing vulnerability to animals and I show what vulnerability discourse can add to debates on animal ethics. In a first step, I anal…Read more
  •  26
    In Favor of PGD: The Moral Duty to Avoid Harm Argument
    American Journal of Bioethics 12 (4): 12-13. 2012.
    The American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 12, Issue 4, Page 12-13, April 2012
  •  23
    In this open access book, Angela K. Martin thoroughly addresses what animal vulnerability is, how and why it matters from a moral point of view, and how it compares to human vulnerability. Vulnerability has been an important topic in bioethical discourse over the last forty years. Its predominant focus was on human vulnerability but recently, animal vulnerability has become a topic of philosophical investigation as well. She carefully explores both human and animal vulnerability, bringing out bo…Read more
  •  20
    Preventing zoonotic emerging disease outbreaks: The need to complement One Health with ethical considerations
    with Salome Dürr
    Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 3 (1): 5-15. 2021.
    Human encroachment on the habitats of wild animals and the dense living conditions of farmed animals increase spill-over risk of emerging infectious diseases from animals to humans (such as COVID-19). In this article, we defend two claims: First, we argue that in order to limit the risk of emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the future, a One Health approach is needed, which focuses on human, animal, and environmental health. Second, we claim that One Health should not solely be grounded in…Read more
  •  18
    On vulnerability—analysis and applications of a many-faceted concept : Introduction
    Les Ateliers de l'Éthique / the Ethics Forum 12 (2-3): 146-153. 2017.
    ANGELA MARTIN, SAMIA HURST
  •  9
    Wildtiere
    In Johann S. Ach & Dagmar Borchers (eds.), Handbuch Tierethik: Grundlagen – Kontexte – Perspektiven, J.b. Metzler. pp. 283-287. 2018.
    Die Wildtierethik beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob moralische Akteure empfindungsfähigen wildlebenden Tieren aus ethischer Sicht positive Pflichten in der Form von Rettungs-, Hilfs- und Unterstützungspflichten schulden, und falls ja, was diese Pflichten genau beinhalten. Haben wir die Verpflichtung, Wildtiere aus Naturkatastrophen wie Buschfeuern und aus den Fängen von Raubtieren zu retten? Sollen wir die Lebensqualität wilder Tiere beispielsweise durch Impfungen verbessern? Oder haben diese d…Read more
  • Entomophagy: What, if anything, do we owe to insects?
    In Cheryl Abbate & Christopher Bobier (eds.), New Omnivorism and Strict Veganism: Critical Perspectives., Routledge. forthcoming.
    In this chapter, Angela Martin explores what moral agents owe to insects as a potential food source. Given that no scientific consensus has yet been reached on the question of whether or not insects are sentient, she investigates three assumptions on that head, along with their moral implications: i) the view that insects are definitely not sentient; ii) the view that there is uncertainty about insect sentience; and iii) the view that insects are definitely sentient. Martin argues that under ass…Read more