Antonio Lopez

La “Cultura de la Sensibilidad (Sensibility)” ha sido un término destacado por algunos crı́ticos, para denominar una época entre la Era Augusta y el movimiento romántico. La Sensibilidad (Sensibility) estuvo unida a un sentido de la compasión producida por el sufrimiento del otro. Su máxima expresión fue la “novela sentimental” de Richardson y Sterne. David Hume, con una moral fundada en los conceptos de simpatı́a y benevolencia, ha sido considerado como uno de los artı́fices de esta Cultura. Sin embargo, llevó a cabo una crı́tica del género emergente de la novela, a la que acuso de una afectación excesiva y artificial. En este artı́culo pretendo analizar el papel que tuvo Hume en la Era de la Sensibilidad (Sensibility).

Objective: To measure the stability of life-sustaining treatment preferences amongst older people and analyse the factors that influence stability. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Primary care centres, Granada (Spain). Eighty-five persons age 65 years or older. Participants filled out a questionnaire with six contexts of illness (LSPQ-e). They had to decide whether or not to receive treatment. Participants completed the questionnaire at baseline and 18 months later. Results: 86 percent of the patients did not change preferences. Sex, age, marital status, hospitalisation, and self-perception of health and pain did not affect preferences. Morbidity and the death of a relative did. Conclusion: Stability of preferences of older persons in relation to end-of-life decisions seems to be more probable than instability. Some factors, such as the death of a relative or the increase in morbidity, can change preferences. These findings have implications for advance directives (ADs) and advance care planning

Scientific articles are one of the most important types of output of a researcher. In that sense, bibliometrics is an essential tool for assessing and analyzing academic research output contributing to the progress of science in many different ways. It provides objective criteria to assess research developed by researchers, being increasingly valued as a tool for measuring scholarly quality and productivity. Science mapping is a bibliometric tool to analyze and mine scientific output. The aim of this chapter is to present a thorough review of science mapping software tools, showing strengths and limitations. Six software tools that meet the criteria of being free, full, and allowing the whole analysis to be performed are analyzed:BibExcelCiteSpace IICitNetExplorerSciMATSci2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${}^{2}$$\end{document} ToolVOSviewer.This analysis describes aspects related to data processing, analysis options, and visualization. The particular properties of each tool that allows us to analyze the science are presented, the choice of a particular tool one depends on the type of actor to be analyzed and the output expected.

We are currently witnessing the emergence of new forms of collective identities and a redefinition of the old ones through networked digital interactions, and these can be explicitly measured and analyzed. We distinguish between three major trends on the development of the concept of identity in the social realm: (1) an essentialist sense (based on conditions and properties shared by members of a group), (2) a representational or ideational sense (based on the application of categories by oneself or others), and (3) a relational and interactional sense (based on interaction processes between actors and their environments). The interactional approach aligns with current empirical and methodological progress in social network analysis. Moreover, it has been argued that, within the network society, the notion of collective identity (Melucci, 1995) in the political field must be rethought as technologically mediated and interactive. We suggest that collective identities should be understood as recurrent, cohesive, and coordinated communicative interaction networks. We here propose that such identities can be depicted by: (a) mapping and filtering a relevant interaction network, (b) delimiting a set of communities, (c) determining the strongly connected component(s) of such communities (the core identity) in a directed graph, and (d) defining the identity audiences and sources within the community. This technical graph–theoretical characterization is explained and justified in...

El presente artículo presenta a un nuevo tipo de protagonista desarrollado en el manganime japonés:los héroes/heroínas nihilistamina. A diferencia del entusiasta héroe shōnen, los personajes de algunos de los títulos más populares del medio se sacrifican para la supervivencia de la humanidad pese a su visión nihilista del mundo, marcada por el trauma, la desafección institucional y los trastornos mentales. Mediante un análisis narratológico de sus funciones, apoyado en una presentación del contexto del humanitarismo en Japón,ofrecemos un punto de partida para integrar este tipo de personajes en los estudios sobre la representación del humanitarismo en la ficción contemporánea.

En 1981 dio a conocer Axelrod el planteamiento y los resultados de un torneo entre programas de computadora mediante el cual intentó fijar cuál es la mejor estrategia para jugar al Dilema del Prisionero iterado. Cada programa codificó una estrategia. La estrategia ganadora, según Axelrod, fue la conocida como Tit for Tat, codificada por el programa presentado por Anatol Rapoport.El trabajo de Axelrod es experimental. Por tanto, ha de ser posible su repetición por cualquiera. Este ensayo es un estudio de algunos aspectos de dicho experimento. En primer lugar, de los conceptos de «torneo tipo liga» y «ganador de un torneo tipo liga». En segundo lugar, de los resultados de someter a análisis la tabla 2 de Axelrod.

Este trabajo tiene como objeto fundamental llevar a cabo una reconstrucción de la teoría trascendental del conocimiento en las experiencias filosóficas de Kant y Habermas. En ambas se produce un peculiar tránsito de la subjetividad a la intersubjetividad, gracias al cual se rompe el paradigma de la filosofía de la conciencia y emerge una específica experiencia comunicativa a través del sensus communis y de la razón comunicativa. A lo largo de esta investigación se intenta poner de manifiesto el paralelismo entre ambos proyectos filosóficos, cuyo fundamento es la ilustración o la autonomía de la razón. Subjetividad trascendental, sensus communis, intereses del conocimiento y razón comunicativa representan distintas soluciones al problema de la comunicabilidad de los juicios mediante los que declaramos la posibilidad, realidad y necesidad de los estados de cosas.

Jean-Luc Marion is one of several contemporary French philosophers who focus upon the issue of givenness and gift; other notable French thinkers who have addressed this theme are Jacques Derrida and the late Claude Bruaire. Although they come to different conclusions, all of them agree that the theme of gift, donation, or givenness is not merely one interesting topic among many, but that it is rather indispensable to any serious reflection on the nature of the whole. For Marion in particular, the question of givenness guides, to some extent, all of his work. In God Without Being, for example, he argues that when the Biblical God announces his name in Exodus—“I am who am” —what matters is not so much that he gives his name to Moses, but that he gives it. Hence, in Marion’s reading, God’s most proper name is not being or the scholastic Ipsum esse subsistens but “love”—which, for Marion, is the “icon,” as he calls it, that allows the incomprehensible to be seen while impeding any conceptualistic reduction of it. Being Given is the second volume of a trilogy whose first part, Reduction and Givenness, proposes what Marion considers the phenomenological principle: “so much reduction, so much givenness.” The first volume argues that every phenomenology is a phenomenology of givenness—in the sense both of an objective and a subjective genitive. BG clarifies the meaning of givenness by addressing three distinct questions over the course of its five books: whence does givenness proceed? ; what does givenness give? ; and who receives what is given?. The principal insight of the work concerns what Marion calls “the saturated phenomenon,” a theme that will be treated more fully in the third volume of his trilogy, In Excess.

A través del análisis del lenguaje audiovisual y la comprensión del proceso de creación de algunas de las series anime más destacadas de la última década, este artículo pretende establecer las cualidades estéticas y técnicas actuales más representativas de este modelo de animación. Unos aspectos significativos que podrían dar lugar a una nueva etapa en la historia de la animación japonesa, ya que no solo las técnicas de producción o difusión han seguido evolucionando sino también su narrativa y estética han traspasado la frontera de lo establecido, desarrollando un proceso de creación tan eficiente que se ha convertido en un referente para las producciones occidentales.