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    At moderate to high densities ungulates can impact negatively on forest crops and these may be managed by lethal control. In production forestry an understanding of the relationship between ungulate density, habitat-related factors and the incidence of tree damage may promote more efficient ungulate damage management than by lethal control alone. In plantation forests in the north cast of England, the incidence of conifer leader browsing by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was positively associate…Read more