Dawid Bunikowski

Analysing the most important concepts and problems of the philosophy of polar law, this book focuses on the legal regimes relating to both the Arctic and Antarctic. The book addresses the most fundamental concepts and problems of polar law, looking beyond the apparent biophysical similarities and differences of the two polar regions, to tackle the distinctive legal problems relating to each polar region. It examines key legal-philosophical areas of the philosophy of law around legal interpretation; the role of nation states, reflected in concepts of territorial sovereignty - whether recognised or merely asserted, the exercise of jurisdiction, and the philosophical justifications for such claims; as well as indigenous rights, land rights, civil commons and issues of justice. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of polar law, land law, heritage law, international relations in the polar regions and the wider polar social sciences and humanities.

The paper concerns a legal-philosophical and legal-theoretical problem of so called cognitive enhancement and of what to do with influence of neuroscience on legal and moral responsibility. A problem of responsibility in the law is treated as one of the most important themes in jurisprudence. We say that some people are responsible for behavior. But we must seek the limits of the idea that responsibility “tracks” mental capacity. According to the paper assumptions, we should consider two fundamental questions. The first, have some professionals such as surgeons, soldiers, pilots a responsibility to cognitively enhance themselves? The second, if so, after the enhancement should they be acquired by greater responsibilities? I see some dangers for morality, freedom, human rights in the case of two positive answers for these questions. I analyze some projects of recommendation of the law change. I strictly highlight really potential axiological problems, too.