Fernando Rodrigues

Objective of the study: To analyze the costs and profits of sugarcane production regarding the cultural practices of sugarcane suppliers. Methodology/approach: This study positions itself in this gap by comparatively analyzing 6 types of cultural practices: unraveling, windrowing, application of correctives, herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, with the option of two systems Fixed rate (TF) and Variable rate (TV). Originality/Relevance: Brazil is a world reference in sugarcane production, with the State of São Paulo being the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane suppliers to maintain this activity there is a need to reduce production costs and increase profitability/ha. However, there is a theoretical-practical gap in the financial assessment (costs and profits) of different cultural practices inherent to sugarcane production. Main results: The results demonstrated that the costs of cultural practices represent more than 30% of the total sugarcane production costs. The TF system proved to be more cost-efficient in the following operations: correctives, herbicides and insecticides. In the application of fertilizers, the TV system, in broadcast mode, had the best result. Finally, the profit/ton was R$1.70, demonstrating a very low profit margin/ha given the risk of the activity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The sample for this research comprised 55 sugarcane suppliers from the State of São Paulo, whose data were obtained through a survey. The comparative analysis was based on the difference in costs of cultural practices and the estimation of the level of certainty (profit/costs), analyzed through the cumulative frequency carried out through the Monte Carlo Simulation (SMC).

The diversity in agronomic practices being used by sugarcane producers in Brazil determines differences in economic performance and cost structure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost of six systems of agronomic practices using fixed or variable rates for soil amendment, fertilizer, and defensive applications and assess the profitability of these systems at three scales of sugarcane production. We then describe the data sample related to the 2019–2020 harvest season and collected from fifty-five sugarcane producers in the central-south region of Brazil. Thereafter, using a quantitative approach, a cost analysis was performed, and the cumulative frequency of the net revenue for the three scales of production (small, medium, and large), was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The cost analysis indicated that fertilizer had the highest cost considering the agronomic practices adopted at the three scales of production analyzed. The cumulative frequency analysis results from the Monte Carlo simulation showed the highest net revenue per hectare for medium sugarcane producers. In addition, the presence of economies of scale was not confirmed because the lowest cost was found in small-scale sugarcane producers and the highest net revenue was obtained by medium-scale sugarcane producers.

The costs of agricultural inputs added to those of labor represent almost a third of the total cost of Brazilian sugarcane production. This study analyzes the behavior of the price per ton of sugarcane in Brazil, relating it to the main production costs of this cultivation. Twelve price indicators from January 2015 to December 2020 were evaluated. First, the data were adjusted to a multiple linear regression model to identify the significant variables on variation in the price per ton of sugarcane. Then, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to measure the level of certainty of occurrence of these variables, and forecasts were obtained from the adjustment of ARIMA models. The results showed the influence of the costs of diesel oil, two agricultural pesticides, and daily laborers on the price of sugarcane, besides an increasing trend of its, providing relevant short-term projections for decision-making about investments in the agribusiness sector.

This paper intends to discuss the different elements that are combined in order to represent Medea in Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica as a naïve virgin and a murderer witch. The harmonization of these elements makes the reader recognize Medea as one of the main allies of the argonauts from the beginning of book 3 onwards. In a discussion of the concept of heroism and of the choice of leadership for the vessel Argo according to the idea of ἄριστος, Jason›s diplomatic behaviour, adequate to this kind of epic poem, will enable him to distinguish the specificities of each hero in order to have success in his mission. Therefore Medea will integrate the expedition thanks to her double characterization: because she was seduced by Jason and, at the same time, because she was the only one capable of making the accomplishment of ἄεθλα possible by her φάρμακα.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma interpretação dos livros G, ZHQ e L da Metafísica de Aristóteles, mostrando que eles podem ser lidos formando um todo argumentativo conectado. Os demais livros da Metafísica serão aqui desconsiderados, pois não se adéquam à interpretação proposta. O texto começa mostrando que é plausível concentrar-se em alguns livros dessa obra de Aristóteles e deixar outros de lado. Para fazê-lo, recorre-se a alguns scholars de Aristóteles, começando por C. A. Brandis. Em seguida, o artigo desenvolve uma interpretação do livro G, afirmando que o modelo de ciência aí apresentado requer uma análise do conceito de substância. Dado que há diferentes tipos de substâncias, distinguidos nos capítulos 1 e 6 do livro L, o artigo dedica-se a esse livro e mantém que essa distinção é necessária a fim de se dar uma resposta apropriada à questão da substância. Os livros ZHQ, por sua vez, fornecem uma análise detalhada de um dos conceitos de substância distinguidos em L. Essa leitura dos cinco livros mencionados mostra, assim, que eles podem ser lidos como formando uma unidade

O presente texto consiste em uma análise semântica doschamados juízos morais. Uma abordagem preliminar desse tipo de juízoexigiu que se colocassem duas questões cujas respostas mostraramsenecessárias a uma elucidação adequada dos juízos morais, a saber:aquestão sobre a forma de juízo que parece estar implícita econstitutivamenteconectada aos juízos morais e a questão sobre ospossíveisconteúdos que essa forma pode assumir.O tipo de juízoconectadode modo constitutivo aos juízos morais seria um juízo daforma“Porque p”; e o tipo de conteúdo que pode preencher a variável“p”é tal que exprime um certo tipo de interesse do agente moral. Dessemodo,atingiu-se uma clarifição, ainda que inicial, do que se compreendequando se faz ou, conforme o caso, se ouve um juízo moral.This paper aims at a semantic analysis of the so-called moraljudgements. A preliminar approch of this topic led us to raise andanswer two questions which proved necessary to an appropriateaccount of our understanding of moral judgements, namely: the questionas to the form of a certain kind of judgement which seems to be implicitlyand constitutively connected with every moral judgement, and thequestion as to the possible contents this form may instantiate. Thekind of judgement which is constitutively connected with moraljudgements turned out to be of the form ”Since p”, and the kind ofcontent by which the variable “p” can be replaced must express acertain interest of the moral agent. Thus, the analysis carried out in thispaper achieved a first step towards an elucidation of moral judgement

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Neste artigo sáo apresentadas as origens do diagnóstico crítico de Heidegger sobre a constituiçáo ontoteológica da metafísica. Argumenta-se que o diagnóstico realiza-se já no período imediatamente posterior à publicaçáo de Ser e tempo (1927), especialmente por meio de uma reinterpretaçáo da filosofia primeira de Aristóteles delineada na preleçáo do semestre de veráo de 1928 Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz e consumada nos Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik (1929/30). Mostra-se como Heidegger identifica o que se pode denominar uma interpretaçáo bipartida do ente : a bifurcaçáo da interpretaçáo do ente nos questionamentos sobre o ente como ente (ontologia) e o ente no todo (teologia). Por fim, argumenta-se que a reinterpretaçáo da metafísica da tradiçáo como ontoteologia associa-se inicialmente a uma virada metafísica , cuja implicaçáo é um projeto de filosofia denominado metafísica do Dasein , orientador das tarefas de pesquisa de Heidegger no período de 1927-1930

In this paper I will discuss the role of national identity in the light of modern political and moral theories. My strategy here is threefold: firstly, I will present an overview of pre-modern theories of rights and duties of individuals, and then show how they fail to make sense of the notions of freedom and equality ; secondly, I will introduce modern political and moral theories as an outstanding alternative to those ones, given the paradigm of values established by modern society; thirdly, I will argue against the supposed universality or objectivity of modern political and moral theories, taking into account the role of national identity.

A posição de Heidegger quanto à diferença entre o animal e o homem é muitas vezes tomada por não científica ou conservadora. Essa é também a posição de Peter Sloterdijk em seu opúsculo Regras para o parque humano. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que um entendimento correto da posição de Heidegger sobre este tema depende da compreensão adequada dos conceitos de transcendência, mundo e formação de mundo, tais como explicitados em Ser e tempo e nos Conceitos fundamentais da metafísica . Assim procedendo, mostra-se que a descrição oferecida por Sloterdijk em suas Regras tende a simplificar o complexo horizonte de problemas por onde Heidegger transita ao enunciar uma diferença radical entre o animal e o homem, mostrando-se assim como restrita do ponto de vista interpretativo