Gabriela Gonzalez

Background Abortion is one of the most common gynaecological procedures. It is related to personal, social, and economic reasons under a legal term that is recognised as a common sexual and reproductive right in most of countries. However, making the decision to abort is complex, because it is politicised and is often framed in public discourse related to moral or ethical issues beyond women’s experiences. Therefore, it is subject to medical criteria, religious evaluations, and sociological analysis. Purpouse The aim of this synthesis of qualitative studies was to synthesise the decision-making experiences of women who legally aborted. Research design and method The Noblit and Hare’s interpretive meta‐ethnography was conducted, and it was written in accordance with the eMERGe meta‐ethnography reporting guidance. Ten studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria, after a comprehensive systematic search strategy in five databases. Findings The metaphor “The wrestling between why and what will happen next” and three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) Forces that incite the arm wrestling; (2) Facing social stigma; and (3) Defeated by a greater rival. The metaphor provided interpretive experiences of the moral conflict experienced by women who decided to have an abortion and emerged from the confrontation of the reasons why they decided to abort and the social repercussions that making the decision entails. The result of the struggle was loneliness and vulnerability. Conclusion The lines of action impact policy makers, the media, and health professionals. Actions should focus on the de-stigmatisation and normalisation of abortion, the use of appropriate language, and the training and sensitisation of health professionals.

In the human sciences, experimental research is used to establish causal relationships. However, the extrapolation of these results to the target population can be problematic. To facilitate extrapolation, we propose to use the statistical technique Latent Class Regression Analysis in combination with the analogical reasoning theory for extrapolation. This statistical technique can identify latent classes that differ in the effect of X on Y. In order to extrapolate by means of analogical reasoning, one can characterize the latent classes by a combination of features, and then compare these features to features of the target.

El artículo aborda someramente algunas interrogantes sobre las principales teorías penales que giran en torno a la determinación de la penalidad en los sentenciados de sistemas jurídicos codificados, tratándose de procesos jurisdiccionales, entre ellas, la teoría de la peligrosidad de Cesar Lombroso. La tendencia de estas políticas criminales a nivel internacional consiste en sustituir dentro del ámbito penal, las teorías de peligrosidad por las de culpabilidad. En nuestra consideración, esta política criminal deja a un lado a la víctima, sobre todo en aquellas donde la sevicia y la violencia se encuentran presentes en la comisión del delito.The article briefly approaches some questions on the main penal theories that they turn around the determination of the penalty in the sentenced ones of codified legal systems, being jurisdictional processes, among them, the theory of the danger of Cesar Lombroso. The tendency of these criminal policies at international level consists of replacing within the penal scope, the theories of danger by those of culpability. In our consideration, this criminal policy leaves to a side the victim, mainly in those where cruelty and the violence are presents in the commission of the crime

This text approaches the most general principles of the Scandinavian sociological realism, in particular the theory of the jurisdictional function and the interest of Alf Ross, who maintains objectivity and subjectivity as integral part of the judge activity, compare to the theoretical French thought of XIX century, maintaining the strict objectivity in the application of the law. From the theory of feelings of Agnes Heller, it is exploring the possible judge partiality while doing his/her jurisdictional function to try to satisfy their own necessities of security, permanence and independence in its positions.The jurisdictional function is a linguistic-psychological expression product of the own personality of the judge. If a judge does not has satisfied necessities of security and expression, then he/she will look for alternating forms to satisfy those necessities and their jurisdictional function could be seen affected, since he/she will move for interested reasons.El texto aquí desarrollado aborda los principios más generales del realismo sociológico escandinavo, en particular de la teoría de la función jurisdiccional y del interés de Alf Ross, que sostiene a la objetividad y subjetividad como parte integrante de la actividad del juzgador, contrastándola con el sustento teórico del pensamiento francés del siglo XIX sosteniendo la estricta objetividad en la aplicación del derecho. Desde la teoría de los sentimientos de Agnes Heller, se pretende ver la posible parcialidad de los jueces al ejercer su función jurisdiccional para tratar de satisfacer sus propias necesidades de seguridad, permanencia e independencia en sus cargos.La función jurisdiccional es una expresión lingüística-psicológica producto de la propia personalidad del juzgador. Si un juez no tiene satisfechas necesidades de seguridad y expresión, entonces buscará formas alternas de satisfacer esas necesidades y su función jurisdiccional, podría verse afectada de parcialidad, ya que lo moverá motivos interesados