Grace Huang

This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to prompt engineering techniques for cybersecurity operations. Core concepts establish a foundation for constructing specialized prompts that tap the power of GenAI for threat analysis, incident response, and security enhancement. Specific methods including few shot learning, Retrieval Augmented Generation, Chain of Thought, Tree of Thought, ReAct, and automated reasoning are elucidated to improve model capabilities on complex cybersecurity tasks. However, prudent practices are emphasized to address risks around adversarial attacks, biases, and ethical breaches. The chapter aims to equip security professionals with prompt engineering proficiencies to leverage GenAI responsibly based on principles of accountability and transparency.

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of security considerations, vulnerabilities, and controls at the application layer for GenAI systems. Analysis of the OWASP Top 10 for LLM applications gives the initial context of security concerns of GenAI Applications. Leading application design paradigms including RAG, ReAct, and agent-based systems are explored, along with their security implications. Major cloud-based AI services and associated security features are discussed. The Cloud Security Alliance’s Cloud Control Matrix is leveraged to evaluate application security controls relevant to GenAI. Examples grounded in banking connect security controls to real-world scenarios. Through multifaceted coverage of risks, design patterns, services, and control frameworks, the chapter equips readers with actionable insights on securing diverse GenAI applications by integrating security across the full application life cycle.

© 2014 Tao et al.Modes of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms are extremely diverse. The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes a phenotypic switch from the white to the opaque phase in order to become mating-competent. In this study, we report that functionally- and morphologically-differentiated white and opaque cells show a coordinated behavior during mating. Although white cells are mating-incompetent, they can produce sexual pheromones when treated with pheromones of the opposite mating type or by physically interacting with opaque cells of the opposite mating type. In a co-culture system, pheromones released by white cells induce opaque cells to form mating projections, and facilitate both opposite- and same-sex mating of opaque cells. Deletion of genes encoding the pheromone precursor proteins and inactivation of the pheromone response signaling pathway impair the promoting role of white cells in the sexual mating of opaque cells. White and opaque cells communicate via a paracrine pheromone signaling system, creating an environment conducive to sexual mating. This coordination between the two different cell types may be a trade-off strategy between sexual and asexual lifestyles in C. albicans.