•  74
    Is There a "Pancreas Problem" in Spinoza’s Theory of the Human Mind?
    Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (1): 65-80. 2015.
    This article explores a new reading of an important section of Part II of Spinoza’s Ethics. It recognizes that Spinoza actually differentiates between the human mind conceived from the viewpoint of its cause and the human mind conceived from the viewpoint of its nature. It shows, most importantly, that Spinoza assigns different objects to those ‘minds’. Consequently they represent different knowledge of the body. It will appear that the human mind in respect of its cause represents non-conscious…Read more
  •  54
    Spinoza's Definition Of Attribute: An Interpretation
    British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (3): 479-498. 2012.
    Since it has generally been accepted that to Spinoza attributes are real features of substance, the interpretation of his attribute definition has become a notorious problem. The reason is that interpreters have failed to see that the definition formulates a purely epistemological account of the state of affairs. The article presents and justifies such an interpretation. It will be shown that the definition in spite of its epistemological character implies a real ontological definition, which sp…Read more
  •  31
    Spinoza: Are Essences of Singular Things Eternal?
    Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 79 (1): 57-87. 2017.
    The important conclusion of this article is that essences of singular things are not eternal in the sense of being distinctive eternal modes, as is generally held by Spinoza scholars. Both the essence and the existence of singular things are eternal in the sense that they are comprehended in God’s eternal nature, that is to say, in the sense that they follow necessarily from that nature. The second conclusion is that the essence and the existence of things are inseparable. There are no essences …Read more
  • Philo of Alexandria: An Annotated Bibliography 2007
    with D. Runia, K. Berthelot, E. Birnbaum, and A. Geljon
    The Studia Philonica Annual 22 209-256. 2010.