Hossein Falsafi

Abstract:The question of what is the soul is one of the fundamental questions in philosophical psychology and the answer to it, along with other psychology questions, has been and is one of the most important and first concerns of philosophers. Among the philosophers, Ibn Sina and Suhrawardi have offered a novel view of the identity of the soul in comparison with their predecessors. In order to know the identity of the soul, Ibn Sina mentions the experience of human beings suspended in space in some of his works, and Suhrawardi, while expressing and modifying Ibn Sina's experience, speaks of other experiences. Through this research, it becomes clear that the efforts of the two in recognizing the soul are not the same, because Ibn Sina comes into existence in the experience of a human suspended in space, which is a hypothetical experience, and Suhrawardi in the experience of liberation from the body and experience in sleep and wakefulness. There are some realities and not assumptions about oneself that both views have been interpreted and evaluated in this article.

The question of what a form is and whether it is substance or breadth is one of the basic questions in ancient and Islamic philosophies and the answer to it has been one of the most important and first concerns of philosophers. Among the philosophers, the views of Ibn Sina (following Aristotle) and Suhrawardi are more interesting than those of other philosophers. Ibn Sina has accepted the form and essence of it and its function in the substance and the needlessness of the substance to the accidence and the need for the accidence to the substance and has justified his speech with several supporting arguments. In contrast to Suhrawardi, he challenges and abandons the Aristotelian-Ibn Sinai view and offers a new understanding of the outside world. In this article, these two views have been explained, analyzed and evaluated with an analytical method and with the aim of correctly understanding the reality, and it has been concluded that Suhrawardi's view is more justified and explanatory in comparison with Ibn Sina's view.