•  4
    Cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during various laser dermatologic surgeries. However, as the application of single or multiple cryogen spurts becomes available on some commercial lasers devices, it is necessary to determine the optimal CSC parameters for different laser surgeries. The objective of this study was to measure the time the sprayed surface of a human skin phantom remains below water freezing temperature 0°C, referred to as subzero time, and belo…Read more
  •  3
    Skin model surface temperatures during single and multiple cryogen spurts used in laser dermatologic surgery
    with J. C. Ramirez-San-Juan, G. Aguilar, A. T. Tuqan, and K. M. Kelly
    Background: Although cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during laser dermatologic surgery, concern has been expressed that CSC may induce cryo-injury. In order to address this concern, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure of human skin phantoms to CSC. Objective: To measure the minimum surface temperature and the time at which it occurs as well as determine the time the sprayed HSP surface remains below 0°C and -26°C during the applica…Read more
  •  3
    Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cryogen spray cooled laser treatment at wavelengths of 585 nm vs. 595 nm for port wine stain birthmarks in a large series of patients. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 64 patients with PWS treated with the ScleroPLUS® [Candela ] pulsed dye laser over a 3-year period. Subjects' ages ranged between 3 months and 64 years; there were 42 females and 22 males, all…Read more
  •  1
    Cutaneous effects of cryogen spray cooling on in vivo human skin
    with N. Datrice, J. Ramirez-San-Juan, R. Zhang, A. Meshkinpour, G. Aguilar, and K. M. Kelly
    BACKGROUND: Despite widespread clinical use of cryogen spray cooling in conjunction with laser dermatologic surgery, in vivo cutaneous effects have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The authors characterize the in vivo cutaneous effects for Fitzpatrick skin types I through VI after CSC exposures of varying spurt durations and spurt delivery patterns. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven normal human subjects were exposed to single cryogen spurts from 10 to 80 milliseconds, and multipl…Read more
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  •  1
    Background and Objectives: Quantitative methods to assess port wine stain skin response to laser therapy are needed to improve therapeutic outcome. In this study, PWS skin erythema was analyzed using erythema index difference images before and after treatment to investigate systematically subject-dependent response to laser therapy. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Cross-polarized digital skin color images were acquired from 17 subjects with facial PWS and the associated ΔEI images were compu…Read more
  • Background and Objectives: Objective methods to assess quantitatively port wine stain blanching in response to laser therapy are needed to improve laser therapeutic outcome. Previous studies have attempted to assess objectively PWS color based on point measurement devices. To date, these approaches have typically been limited by a number of factors such as small test area and need for contact. To address these issues, a cross-polarized diffuse reflectance imaging system and color image analysis …Read more
  • Thermal responses of ex vivo human skin during multiple cryogen spurts and 1,450 nm laser pulses
    with R. Zhang, J. C. Ramirez-San-Juan, B. Choi, W. Jia, G. Aguilar, and K. M. Kelly
    Background and Objective: Although cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during laser dermatologic surgery, concern has been expressed that CSC may induce cryo-injury. The objective of this study is to measure temperature variations at the epidermal-dermal junction in ex vivo human skin during three clinically relevant multiple cryogen spurt-laser pulse sequences. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The epidermis of ex vivo human skin was separated from the dermi…Read more
  • In Vivo Results Using Photothermal Tomography for Imaging Cutaneous Blood Vessels
    with B. Choi, B. Majaron, G. Vargas, B. Jung, O. Stumpp, N. M. Kang, K. M. Kelly, and A. J. Welch
    Previous studies suggest that optimal port wine stain laser treatment parameters require knowledge of skin characteristics such as blood vessel size, depth, and distribution. Effective and rapid imaging modalities are not widely available. In the present study, photothermal tomography images of an in vivo hamster window model and human PWS skin were obtained and analyzed. Subtherapeutic laser light pulses at 585 and 600 nm were applied to skin surface and image sequences acquired with an infrare…Read more