•  6
    Description and analysis of treatments for port-wine stain birthmarks
    with K. M. Kelly, B. Choi, S. McFarlane, A. Motosue, B. Jung, M. H. Khan, and J. S. Nelson
    Port-wine stain birthmarks are congenital, low-flow vascular malformations of the skin. Lasers are the modality of choice for the treatment of PWS birthmarks, and for most patients the pulsed-dye laser in conjunction with epidermal cooling offers the greatest efficacy and safety. Other light devices, including the 532-nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser, and combined 1064/532-nm system, may be useful during a treatment course for resistant PWS. Laser tre…Read more
  •  4
    Evaluation of single versus multiple cryogen spray cooling spurts on in vitro model human skin
    with A. T. Tuqan, K. M. Kelly, G. Aguilar, C. H. Sun, D. Cassarino, D. Derienzo, R. J. Barr, and J. S. Nelson
    Many commercially available dermatologic lasers utilize cryogen spray cooling for epidermal protection. A previous tissue culture study demonstrated that single cryogen spurts of 80 ms or less were unlikely to cause cryo-injury in light-skinned individuals. More recently, multiple cryogen spurts have been incorporated into commercial devices, but the effects of MCS have not been evaluated. The aim was to study an in vitro tissue culture model and the epidermal and dermal effects of SCS vs patter…Read more
  •  4
    Cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during various laser dermatologic surgeries. However, as the application of single or multiple cryogen spurts becomes available on some commercial lasers devices, it is necessary to determine the optimal CSC parameters for different laser surgeries. The objective of this study was to measure the time the sprayed surface of a human skin phantom remains below water freezing temperature 0°C, referred to as subzero time, and belo…Read more
  •  3
    Background: Although cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during laser dermatologic surgery, concern has been expressed that CSC may induce cryo-injury. In order to address this concern, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure of human skin phantoms to CSC. Objective: To measure the minimum surface temperature and the time at which it occurs as well as determine the time the sprayed HSP surface remains below 0°C and -26°C during the applica…Read more
  •  1
    Cutaneous effects of cryogen spray cooling on in vivo human skin
    with N. Datrice, R. Zhang, A. Meshkinpour, G. Aguilar, J. S. Nelson, and K. M. Kelly
    BACKGROUND: Despite widespread clinical use of cryogen spray cooling in conjunction with laser dermatologic surgery, in vivo cutaneous effects have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The authors characterize the in vivo cutaneous effects for Fitzpatrick skin types I through VI after CSC exposures of varying spurt durations and spurt delivery patterns. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven normal human subjects were exposed to single cryogen spurts from 10 to 80 milliseconds, and multipl…Read more
  • Background and Objectives: Previous in vitro studies demonstrated the potential utility of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A photodynamic therapy for vascular destruction. Moreover, the effects of PDT were enhanced when this intervention was followed immediately by pulsed dye laser irradiation. We further evaluate vascular effects of PDT alone, PDL alone and PDT/PDL in an in vivo rodent dorsal skinfold model. Study Design/Materials and Methods: A dorsal skin-fold window chamber was insta…Read more
  • Thermal responses of ex vivo human skin during multiple cryogen spurts and 1,450 nm laser pulses
    with R. Zhang, B. Choi, W. Jia, G. Aguilar, K. M. Kelly, and J. S. Nelson
    Background and Objective: Although cryogen spray cooling is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during laser dermatologic surgery, concern has been expressed that CSC may induce cryo-injury. The objective of this study is to measure temperature variations at the epidermal-dermal junction in ex vivo human skin during three clinically relevant multiple cryogen spurt-laser pulse sequences. Study Design/Materials and Methods: The epidermis of ex vivo human skin was separated from the dermi…Read more