•  126
    Transcendental Philosophy and Logic Diagrams
    Philosophical Investigations 1-27. forthcoming.
    Logic diagrams have seen a resurgence in their application in a range of fields, including logic, biology, media science, computer science and philosophy. Consequently, understanding the history and philosophy of these diagrams has become crucial. As many current diagrammatic systems in logic are based on ideas that originated in the 18th and 19th centuries, it is important to consider what motivated the use of logic diagrams in the past and whether these reasons are still valid today. This pape…Read more
  •  89
    Seneca’s and Porphyry’s Trees in Modern Interpretation
    In Max Ingolf & Lemanski Jens (eds.), Historia Logicae and its modern Interpretation, College Publications. pp. 61-87. 2023.
    This paper presents an analysis of Seneca's 58th letter to Lucilius and Porphyry's Isagoge, which were the origin of the tree diagrams that became popular in philosophy and logic from the early Middle Ages onwards. These diagrams visualise the extent to which a concept can be understood as a category, genus, species or individual and what the method of dihairesis (division) means. The paper explores the dissimilarities between Seneca's and Porphyry's tree structures, scrutinising them through th…Read more
  •  132
    Does Logic Have a History at All?
    Foundations of Science 1-23. forthcoming.
    To believe that logic has no history might at first seem peculiar today. But since the early 20th century, this position has been repeatedly conflated with logical monism of Kantian provenance. This logical monism asserts that only one logic is authoritative, thereby rendering all other research in the field marginal and negating the possibility of acknowledging a history of logic. In this paper, I will show how this and many related issues have developed, and that they are founded on only one p…Read more
  •  9
    The essay review examines three current editions of Arthur Schopenhauer's early works. These editions reveal a departure from his more academically-oriented early work towards the more popular late work. The extent to which these new editions accommodate current Schopenhauer research is discussed, with a focus on moving beyond the biased interpretations of the 19th and 20th centuries. Furthermore, the essay argues that Schopenhauer's early work is still valuable today for several reasons. Stylis…Read more
  •  281
    Kant’s Crucial Contribution to Euler Diagrams
    Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 55 (1). 2024.
    Logic diagrams have been increasingly studied and applied for a few decades, not only in logic, but also in many other fields of science. The history of logic diagrams is an important subject, as many current systems and applications of logic diagrams are based on historical predecessors. While traditional histories of logic diagrams cite pioneers such as Leibniz, Euler, Venn, and Peirce, it is not widely known that Kant and the early Kantians in Germany and England played a crucial role in popu…Read more
  •  10
    Multimodal communication research focuses on how different means of signalling coordinate to communicate effectively. This line of research is traditionally influenced by fields such as cognitive and neuroscience, human-computer interaction, and linguistics. With new technologies becoming available in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision, the field can increasingly avail itself of new ways of analyzing and understanding multimodal communication. As a result, there is a …Read more
  • This is a review of a book by Simon Schüz, in which transcendental arguments in Fichte and Hegel are examined.
  • Der Tod Gottes als Apoptose oder Nekrose – Zur Konstitution höherer Immunsysteme
    with Jens Lemanski and Eva Siepmann
    Internationale Zeitschrift Für Philosophie Und Psychosomatik 2. 2010.
    Das folgende Essay erläutert, warum der Tod Gottes sowohl in einem konsequent theistischen System als auch bei atheistischen Denkern unausweichlich ist. Zur Beantwortung der Frage, wie Gott gestorben ist, werden hauptsächlich Autoren wie Friedrich W. Schelling , Friedrich Nietzsche und Peter Sloterdijk herangezogen. Da die Rede vom Tod Gottes den Verdacht erweckt, metaphorisch zu sein, werden wir mit Apoptose und Nekrose auch zwei unterschiedliche Metaphern anwenden, um den vorliegenden Sachverh…Read more
  •  234
    Fichte’s Formal Logic
    Synthese 202 (1): 1-27. 2023.
    Fichte’s Foundations of the Entire Wissenschaftslehre 1794 is one of the most fundamental books in classical German philosophy. The use of laws of thought to establish foundational principles of transcendental philosophy was groundbreaking in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century and is still crucial for many areas of theoretical philosophy and logic in general today. Nevertheless, contemporaries have already noted that Fichte’s derivation of foundational principles from the law of id…Read more
  •  285
    Analyzing the philosophy of travel with Schopenhauerian argument maps
    Southern Journal of Philosophy 61 (4): 588-606. 2023.
    Emily Thomas's seminal book The Meaning of Travel has brought the philosophy of travel back into the public eye in recent years. Thomas has shown that the topic of travel can be approached from numerous different perspectives, ranging from the historical to the conceptual‐analytical, to the political or even social‐philosophical perspectives. This article introduces another perspective, which Thomas only indirectly addresses, namely the argumentation‐theoretical perspective. It is notable that c…Read more
  •  3
    Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung
    with Matthias Koßler, Maurizio Morini, Daniel Schubbe, Dieter Birnbacher, Friedhelm Decher, Brigitte Scheer, Oliver Hallich, and Margit Ruffing
    In Daniel Schubbe & Matthias Koßler (eds.), Schopenhauer-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung, Springer. pp. 40-97. 2018.
    Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung entstand in den Jahren 1814 bis 1818 in Dresden und erschien im Dezember 1818 mit der Jahreszahl 1819 bei Brockhaus in Leipzig. Unmittelbar nachdem das Hauptwerk erschienen war, habilitierte sich Schopenhauer mit seinem Buch an der Berliner Universität und wurde dort Privatdozent.
  •  315
    Discourse Ethics and Eristic
    Polish Journal of Aesthetics 62 151-162. 2022.
    Eristic has been studied more and more intensively in recent years in philosophy, law, communication theory, logic, proof theory, and A.I. Nevertheless, the modern origins of eristic, which almost all current researchers see in the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, are considered to be a theory of the illegitimate use of logical and rhetorical devices. Thus, eristic seems to violate the norms of discourse ethics. In this paper, I argue that this interpretation of eristic is based on prejudices th…Read more
  • Spätwerk und Nachgelassenes
    with Yasuo Kamata, Thomas Regehly, Domenico M. Fazio, Matthias Koßler, and Elena Cantarino
    In Daniel Schubbe & Matthias Koßler (eds.), Schopenhauer-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung, Springer. pp. 150-183. 2018.
    Schopenhauers handschriftlicher Nachlass im weiteren Sinne umfasst alle von ihm stammenden aber zu seinen Lebzeiten nicht im Druck veröffentlichten Aufzeichnungen und Dokumente jeglicher Art aus all seinen Lebensphasen. Im üblichen und engeren Sinne beschränkt sich die Bezeichnung ›Schopenhauers handschriftlicher Nachlass‹ meist auf die Manuskripte mit philosophischen bzw. wissenschaftlichen Themen. Reisetagebücher, Briefe sowie geschäftliche, amtliche, biographische und ähnliche Dokumente wurde…Read more
  •  6
    Evolutionstheorie
    In Daniel Schubbe & Matthias Koßler (eds.), Schopenhauer-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung, Springer. pp. 334-338. 2018.
    Charles Darwin gilt allgemein als der ›Erfinder‹ der Evolutionstheorie. Dennoch sehen viele Wissenschaftshistoriker bereits in der Antike Anfänge und einzelne Vorwegnahmen der heutigen Entwicklungsbiologie. Die Tatsache, dass der im Titel genannte Ausdruck ›Evolutionstheorie‹ in Anführungszeichen gesetzt wurde, ist somit kein Hinweis auf die Vorzeitigkeit Schopenhauers zu Darwin, sondern betrifft die kritische Frage, ob man Schopenhauer überhaupt in diese Geschichte der Evolutionstheorie mit auf…Read more
  •  1
    Christentum und Mystik
    In Daniel Schubbe & Matthias Koßler (eds.), Schopenhauer-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung, Springer. pp. 200-206. 2018.
    Schopenhauers Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Christentum und der Mystik werden im Folgenden unter drei Aspekten betrachtet: Methodologie und Definitionen, Doxographie der Dogmatik, Mystologie und Hagiologie. In ersten Abschnitt werden Schopenhauers Herangehensweisen und Meinungen im Umgang mit dem Christentum beschrieben. Im zweiten Abschnitt werden einschlägige Belegstellen aus Schopenhauers Werk zu christlich-dogmatischen Themen zusammengestellt und systematisiert. Im dritten Abschnitt wird nach…Read more
  •  3
    Geometrie
    In Daniel Schubbe & Matthias Koßler (eds.), Schopenhauer-Handbuch: Leben – Werk – Wirkung, Springer. pp. 329-333. 2018.
    In Mathematiklehrbüchern und mathematischen Spezialabhandlungen tauchen bis heute immer wieder Themen und Thesen der Schopenhauerschen Elementargeometrie auf. Da Schopenhauers Geometrie bzw. Philosophie der Geometrie in ihrer Figuren- und damit Anschauungsbezogenheit im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert exemplarisch galt, folgt die hier skizzenhaft dargestellte zweihundertjährige Rezeptionsgeschichte auch der von den mathematischen Paradigmen abhängenden Bewertung anschauungsbezogener Geometrien.
  •  54
    Arthur Schopenhauer: Logic and Dialectic
    Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2023.
    For Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), logic as a discipline belongs to the human faculty of reason, more precisely to the faculty of language. This discipline of logic breaks down into two areas. Logic or analytics is one side of the coin; dialectic or the art of persuasion is the other. The former investigates rule-oriented and monological language. The latter investigates result-oriented language and persuasive language...
  •  198
    Schopenhauers Logikdiagramme in den Mathematiklehrbüchern Adolph Diesterwegs
    Siegener Beiträge Zur Geschichte Und Philosophie der Mathematik 16 97-127. 2022.
    Ein Beispiel für die Rezeption und Fortführung der schopenhauerschen Logik findet man in den Mathematiklehrbüchern Friedrich Adolph Wilhelm Diesterwegs (1790–1866), In diesem Aufsatz werden die historische und systematische Dimension dieser Anwendung von Logikdiagramme auf die Mathematik skizziert. In Kapitel 2 wird zunächst die frühe Rezeption der schopenhauerschen Logik und Philosophie der Mathematik vorgestellt. Dabei werden einige oftmals tradierte Vorurteile, die das Werk Schopenhauers betr…Read more
  • The Japanese Garden in Schopenhauer's System
    In Yoichiro Takahashi, Takao Ito & Tsunafumi Takeuchi (eds.), Das neue Jahrhundert Schopenhauers. pp. 277-301. 2022.
    The paper addresses the question of why there is no treatise on Japanese gardens in Arthur Schopenhauer's system. First, it is explained that the system philosophy of the 18th and 19th centuries aimed at completeness in conceptual representation. Schopenhauer therefore treats the national characteristics of the garden arts in Europe and Asia, among many other arts, and conceptually determines their similarities and differences. Due to the isolation of Japan, however, Schopenhauer had no knowledg…Read more
  •  2
    Historia Logicae and its Modern Interpretation (edited book)
    with Ingolf Max
    College Publications. 2023.
    This book marks the inauguration of the Historia Logicae book series, which seeks to publish high-quality monographs, dissertations, textbooks, proceedings, and anthologies on the history of logic in either German or English. Serving as the inaugural volume in this series, the book explores the contemporary interpretation of logic across many centuries and cultures. The first section of the volume comprises a compilation of papers dedicated to ancient and medieval logic, examining prominent thin…Read more
  •  203
    On the Origin of Venn Diagrams
    Axiomathes 32 (3): 887-900. 2022.
    In this paper we argue that there were several currents, ideas and problems in 19th-century logic that motivated John Venn to develop his famous logic diagrams. To this end, we first examine the problem of uncertainty or over-specification in syllogistic that became obvious in Euler diagrams. In the 19th century, numerous logicians tried to solve this problem. The most famous was the attempt to introduce dashed circles into Euler diagrams. The solution that John Venn developed for this problem, …Read more
  •  339
    Logic Diagrams as Argument Maps in Eristic Dialectics
    Argumentation 37 (1): 69-89. 2023.
    This paper analyses a hitherto unknown technique of using logic diagrams to create argument maps in eristic dialectics. The method was invented in the 1810s and -20s by Arthur Schopenhauer, who is considered the originator of modern eristic. This technique of Schopenhauer could be interesting for several branches of research in the field of argumentation: Firstly, for the field of argument mapping, since here a hitherto unknown diagrammatic technique is shown in order to visualise possible situa…Read more
  •  36
    Five dogmas of logic diagrams and how to escape them
    with Andrea Anna Reichenberger, Theodor Berwe, Alfred Olszok, and Claudia Anger
    Language & Communication 87 (1): 258-270. 2022.
    In the vein of a renewed interest in diagrammatic reasoning, this paper challenges an opposition between logic diagrams and formal languages that has traditionally been the common view in philosophy of logic and linguistics. We examine, from a philosophical point of view, what we call five dogmas of logic diagrams. These are as follows: (1) diagrams are non-linguistic; (2) diagrams are visual representations; (3) diagrams are iconic, and not symbolic; (4) diagrams are non-linear; (5) diagrams ar…Read more
  •  20
    CL diagrams – the abbreviation of Cubus Logicus – are inspired by J.C. Lange’s logic machine from 1714. In recent times, Lange’s diagrams have been used for extended syllogistics, bitstring semantics, analogical reasoning and many more. The paper presents a method for testing statistical syllogisms (also called proportional syllogisms or inductive syllogisms) by using CL diagrams.
  •  228
    In this paper, we analyze and discuss Schopenhauer’s n-term diagrams for eristic dialectics from a graph-theoretical perspective. Unlike logic, eristic dialectics does not examine the validity of an isolated argument, but the progression and persuasiveness of an argument in the context of a dialogue or even controversy. To represent these dialogue situations, Schopenhauer created large maps with concepts and Euler-type diagrams, which from today’s perspective are a specific form of graphs. We fi…Read more
  •  29
    Logic, Spatial Algorithms and Visual Reasoning
    Logica Universalis 16 (4): 535-543. 2022.
    Spatial and diagrammatic reasoning is a significant part not only of logical abilities, but also of logical studies. The authors of this paper consider some novel trends in studying this type of reasoning. They show that there are the following two main trends in spatial logic: (i) logical studies of the distribution of various objects in space (logic of geometry, logic of colors, etc.); (ii) logical studies of the space algorithms applied by nature itself (logic of swarms, logic of fungi coloni…Read more
  •  19
    A Bitstring Semantics for Calculus CL
    In Jean-Yves Beziau & Ioannis Vandoulakis (eds.), The Exoteric Square of Opposition., Birkhauser. 2022.
    The aim of this chapter is to develop a semantics for Calculus CL. CL is a diagrammatic calculus based on a logic machine presented by Johann Christian Lange in 1714, which combines features of Euler-, Venn-type, tree diagrams, squares of oppositions etc. In this chapter, it is argued that a Boolean account of formal ontology in CL helps to deal with logical oppositions and inferences of extended syllogistics. The result is a combination of Lange’s diagrams with an algebraic semantics of terms: …Read more
  •  157
    Can Non-Causal Explanations Answer the Leibniz Question?
    Metaphysica 23 (2): 427-443. 2022.
    Leibniz is often cited as an authority when it comes to the formulation and answer strategy of the question “Why is there something rather than nothing?” Yet much current research assumes that Leibniz advocates an unambiguous question and strategy for the answer. In this respect, one repeatedly finds the argument in the literature that alternative explanatory approaches to this question violate Leibniz’s intention, since he derives the question from the principle of sufficient reason and also de…Read more
  • Der japanische Garten im System Schopenhauers
    Schopenhauer Jahrbuch 102 131-159. 2021.
    +++Englisch Translation in "Proceedings of Schopenhauer Congresses 2018-2020 (JSPS)"+++ Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, warum es in Arthur Schopenhauers System keine Abhandlung über japanische Gärten gibt. Zunächst wird erläutert, dass die Systemphilosophie des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts auf Vollständigkeit in der begrifflichen Darstellung abzielte. Schopenhauer behandelt daher neben vielen anderen Künsten auch die nationalen Besonderheiten der Gartenkunst in Europa und Asien und bestimmt begriff…Read more
  •  13
    Arthur Schopenhauer’s system, as elaborated in The World as Will and Representation (1st ed.: 1819) and in the Berlin Lectures (1820s), is divided into four parts: 1. the so-called ‘epistemology’, 2. metaphysics (of nature), 3. metaphysics of the beautiful or aesthetics, 4. metaphysics of morals or ethics. The part on ‘epistemology’ is divided into two parts: the doctrine of cognition and the doctrine of reason. Whereas the doctrine of cognition discusses the three conditions for the possibility…Read more