Jeroen Vanheste

The questions ‘What is man?’ and ‘What is Europe?’ were among the main interests of Thomas Mann. In dozens of his essays and speeches as well as in some of his major novels Mann searched for the essence of European culture. In this paper we discuss Mann’s ideas about humanism, which he considered to be the core of the European identity. In both Mann’s novels and his essays he investigates the opposition between Enlightenment values and Romantic thinking. Mann believed in the necessity of a fusion of these two, a synthesis in which a belief in reason, morality and the possibility of progress go hand in hand with an awareness of the dark and tragic side of the human condition. ‘Dostoevsky in moderation’, as one of his essays is titled. This synthesis, which he named a ‘humanism of the homo Dei’, is Mann’s proposal for a renewed European identity. Mann’s ideas about a revived humanism as the foundation for the European identity are both interesting in the context of his literary oeuvre as well as inspiring in the light of our contemporary debates on European and Western values and identity.

In this article, I discuss the illness and recovery of the depressed Moses Herzog, the protagonist of Saul Bellow’s novel _Herzog_ ( 1964 ). Using this novel as a case study, I criticize a one-sided (neuro)biological and drug-based approach to depression. Referring to the hermeneutic anthropology of philosophers like Paul Ricoeur and Marya Schechtman, I argue that the treatment of depression could benefit from a broader approach that takes into account existential and social-cultural factors as well as biological factors. I suggest that narrative psychiatry offers a framework wherein various models of mental illness may be combined in ways that move beyond a pro/contra bio-psychiatry binary. By investigating depression using philosophical ideas and a literary text, this article aims to illustrate how the humanities may contribute to our thinking about depression.

The Underground Man Chokes on the Red Pill: Dostoevsky on Reason, Personality and Humanism Both philosophy and literature can be an investigation of human life and human culture: philosophical treatises as well as novels can be reflections on questions about the human and cultural condition. Philosophy and literature may complement each other in this respect: whereas philosophy is concerned with concepts, ideas and abstract reasoning, literature is able to show these as ‘flesh and blood’ in characters who find themselves in concrete existential situations. As an illustration of this view concerning the possible interactions between literature and philosophy, in this article I discuss Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground. I interpret this novella as a critique of the philosophy of rational egoism and its perception of man, and as a humanist plea for the all-important significance of human personality. In doing so, I aim to show that Dostoevsky’s Notes is a highly interesting and enduringly relevant example of a literary work that explores philosophical themes.

The questions ‘What is man?’ and ‘What is Europe?’ were among the main interests of Thomas Mann. In dozens of his essays and speeches as well as in some of his major novels Mann searched for the essence of European culture. In this paper we discuss Mann’s ideas about humanism, which he considered to be the core of the European identity. In both Mann’s novels and his essays he investigates the opposition between Enlightenment values and Romantic thinking. Mann believed in the necessity of a fusion of these two, a synthesis in which a belief in reason, morality and the possibility of progress go hand in hand with an awareness of the dark and tragic side of the human condition. ‘Dostoevsky in moderation’, as one of his essays is titled. This synthesis, which he named a ‘humanism of the homo Dei’, is Mann’s proposal for a renewed European identity. Mann’s ideas about a revived humanism as the foundation for the European identity are both interesting in the context of his literary oeuvre as well as inspiring in the light of our contemporary debates on European and Western values and identity.