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270Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2021.Ethics of Artificial Intelligence This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main ethical issues related to the impact of Artificial Intelligence on human society. AI is the use of machines to do things that would normally require human intelligence. In many areas of human life, AI has rapidly and significantly affected human society … Continue reading Ethics of Artificial Intelligence →
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171What do we owe to intelligent robots?AI and Society 35 (1): 209-223. 2020.Great technological advances in such areas as computer science, artificial intelligence, and robotics have brought the advent of artificially intelligent robots within our reach within the next century. Against this background, the interdisciplinary field of machine ethics is concerned with the vital issue of making robots “ethical” and examining the moral status of autonomous robots that are capable of moral reasoning and decision-making. The existence of such robots will deeply reshape our soc…Read more
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122Applying the four-principle approachBioethics 25 (6): 293-300. 2009.The four-principle approach to biomedical ethics is used worldwide by practitioners and researchers alike but it is rather unclear what exactly people do when they apply this approach. Ranking, specification, and balancing vary greatly among different people regarding a particular case. Thus, a sound and coherent applicability of principlism seems somewhat mysterious. What are principlists doing? The article examines the methodological strengths and weaknesses of the applicability of this approa…Read more
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112Moral Status and Intelligent RobotsSouthern Journal of Philosophy 60 (1): 88-117. 2021.The Southern Journal of Philosophy, Volume 60, Issue 1, Page 88-117, March 2022.
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107Artificial moral and legal personhoodAI and Society 1-15. forthcoming.This paper considers the hotly debated issue of whether one should grant moral and legal personhood to intelligent robots once they have achieved a certain standard of sophistication based on such criteria as rationality, autonomy, and social relations. The starting point for the analysis is the European Parliament’s resolution on Civil Law Rules on Robotics and its recommendation that robots be granted legal status and electronic personhood. The resolution is discussed against the background of…Read more
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97Human Rights in Bioethics–Theoretical and AppliedEthical Theory and Moral Practice 15 (3). 2012.N.N.
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85Moral Philosophers Are Moral Experts! A Reply to David ArchardBioethics 28 (4): 203-206. 2012.In his article ‘Why Moral Philosophers Are Not and Should Not Be Moral Experts’ David Archard attempts to show that his argument from common-sense morality is more convincing than other competing arguments in the debate. I examine his main line of argumentation and eventually refute his main argument in my reply
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79Global ethics and principlismKennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 21 (3): 251-276. 2011.In his landmark article “How Medicine Saved the Life of Ethics” (1982), Stephen Toulmin persuasively argues that (serious) problems cannot be solved by mere rationalistic approaches in ethics and that ethics was eventually saved by dint of having to deal with vital questions and concrete problems in medicine. Whether one is a proponent of, for example, principlism or casuistry, one certainly has to admit that a convincing ethical theory or method must have practical application. Analogously, it …Read more
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71Are superintelligent robots entitled to human rights?Ratio 35 (3): 181-193. 2022.Ratio, Volume 35, Issue 3, Page 181-193, September 2022.
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57Reconciling female genital circumcision with universal human rightsDeveloping World Bioethics 18 (3): 222-232. 2017.One of the most challenging issues in cross-cultural bioethics concerns the long-standing socio-cultural practice of female genital circumcision, which is prevalent in many African countries and the Middle East as well as in some Asian and Western countries. It is commonly assumed that FGC, in all its versions, constitutes a gross violation of the universal human rights of health, physical integrity, and individual autonomy and hence should be abolished. This article, however, suggests a mediati…Read more
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52Building Moral Robots: Ethical Pitfalls and ChallengesScience and Engineering Ethics 26 (1): 141-157. 2020.This paper examines the ethical pitfalls and challenges that non-ethicists, such as researchers and programmers in the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence and robotics, face when building moral machines. Whether ethics is “computable” depends on how programmers understand ethics in the first place and on the adequacy of their understanding of the ethical problems and methodological challenges in these fields. Researchers and programmers face at least two types of problems due to …Read more
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51Russell blackford and Udo Schüklenk (eds.), 50 voices of disbelief. Why we are atheistsEthical Theory and Moral Practice 13 (4): 477-482. 2010.
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51AI and law: ethical, legal, and socio-political implicationsAI and Society 36 (2): 403-404. 2021.
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49The status of the in vitro embryoBioethics 22 (5). 2008.The volume presents 20 essays on the ontological, moral, and legal status of the in vitro embryo.
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48Kantianism and the Problem of Child Sex RobotsJournal of Applied Philosophy 39 (1): 132-147. 2021.Journal of Applied Philosophy, EarlyView.
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47International conference: Justice in modern health care. Perspectives for the 21st century, hosted by the BMBF-Junior Research Group “Justice in Modern Medicine”: 28–30 March 2011 Bochum, Germany (review)Ethik in der Medizin 23 (3): 251-253. 2011.
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47Indignity and Old AgeBioethics 32 (4): 223-232. 2018.This article examines the nature of human dignity against the background of old age and introduces the novel idea of treating human dignity as a formal principle related to the more foundational notion of indignity. The discussion starts with the objection that the notion of human dignity can be used to justify contrary positions and is therefore inconclusive. This pitfall can be averted by appealing to the notion of indignity rather than dignity in one's moral reasoning and decision‐making. Cas…Read more
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37Morality and Justice: Reading Boylan's a Just Society (edited book)Lexington Books. 2009.The essays in this book engage the original and controversial claims from Michael Boylan's A Just Society. Each essay discusses Boylan's claims from a particular chapter and offers a critical analysis of these claims. Boylan responds to the essays in his lengthy and philosophically rich reply.
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36Is Inclusive Education a Human Right?Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (4): 754-767. 2013.In this article, I question the general idea that inclusive education — i.e., to teach all students in one class — is a moral human right. The following discussion shows that the widespread view in disability studies that there is a moral human right to inclusive education can be reasonably called into question by virtue of the proposed counter arguments, but without denying that inclusive education is of utmost importance. Practically speaking, the legal human right to inclusive education is of…Read more
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29Moral expertise revisitedBioethics 37 (6): 533-542. 2023.In recent years, there has been a lively (bio-)ethical debate on the nature of moral expertise and the concept of moral experts. However, there is currently no common ground concerning most issues. Against this background, this paper has two main goals. First, in more general terms, it examines some of the problems concerning moral expertise and experts, with a special focus on moral advice and testimony. Second, it applies the results in the context of medical ethics, especially in the clinical…Read more
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26Human Rights and Cultural IdentityBaltic Journal of Law and Politics 8 (2): 112-135. 2015.Universal human rights and particular cultural identities, which are relativistic by nature, seem to stand in conflict with each other. It is commonly suggested that the relativistic natures of cultural identities undermine universal human rights and that human rights might compromise particular cultural identities in a globalised world. This article examines this supposed clash and suggests that it is possible to frame a human rights approach in such a way that it becomes the starting point and…Read more
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23Russell Blackford and Udo Schüklenk , 50 Voices of Disbelief. Why We Are Atheists: Wiley-Blackwell: Malden MA/oxford/west Sussex, 2009, pp. 346. ISBN-10: 1405190469. £16.99 , £55Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 13 (4): 477-482. 2010.
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20Review of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections in Philosophy, Theology and the Social Sciences by Benedikt P. Göcke and Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten (review)AI and Society 36 (2): 655-659. 2021.
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19Is Inclusive Education a Human Right?Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (4): 754-767. 2013.The widespread view — proclaimed by proponents of disability studies, some disability federations, and many disabled people — that there is a human right to inclusive education, was eventually substantiated by international law with the UN Disability Convention in 2006. One of the most discussed issues in disability studies concerns the CRPD; the contributions are legion. Surprisingly, there are hardly any substantial contributions that pay particular attention to the important question of wheth…Read more
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19Global Bioethics and Human Rights: Contemporary Issues (edited book)Rowman & Littlefield. 2014.Editors Wanda Teays, John-Stewart Gordon, and Alison Dundes Renteln have assembled the works of an interdisciplinary, international team of experts in bioethics into a comprehensive, innovative and accessible book. Topics covered range from torture and lethal injection to euthanasia, sex selection, vulnerable human subjects, to health equity, safety and public health, and environmental disasters like Bhopal, Fukushima, and more.
John-Stewart Gordon
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
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Lithuanian University of Health SciencesOther (Part-time)