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33“Austrian” (or “Austro-German”) philosophy of language is characterized, among other things, by the following two features: (1) Problems of language are considered within the broader framework of an intentionality-based philosophy of mind—or, to put it more precisely, questions of meaning are considered as involving a quite articulated theory of intentions; (2) several aspects of such an account are explicitly presented as inspired by or somehow already at work in the Medieval Scholastic traditi…Read more
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18Brill Online Books and JournalsVivarium 46 (2): 123-154. 2008.This article is about the conception of truth and signification in Augustine's early philosophical writings. In the first, semantic-linguistic part, the gradual shift of Augustine's position towards the Academics is treated closely. It reveals that Augustine develops a notion of sign which, by integrating elements of Stoic epistemology, is suited to function as a transmitter of true knowledge through linguistic expressions. In the second part, both the ontological structure of signified things a…Read more
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122Signification and truth epistemology at the crossroads of semantics and ontology in Augustine's early philosophical writingsVivarium 46 (2): 123-154. 2008.This article is about the conception of truth and signification in Augustine's early philosophical writings. In the first, semantic-linguistic part, the gradual shift of Augustine's position towards the Academics is treated closely. It reveals that Augustine develops a notion of sign which, by integrating elements of Stoic epistemology, is suited to function as a transmitter of true knowledge through linguistic expressions. In the second part, both the ontological structure of signified (sensibl…Read more
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36Que veut dire vouloir dire? Les contributions réunies dans ce numéro apportent des réponses à cette question. Le problème du vouloir dire est au cœur des efforts d’élucidation de ce phénomène à la fois quotidien et impénétrable qu’est le langage. Il y a (au moins) deux raisons à cela : d’une part, la question de savoir ce que veut dire ‘vouloir dire’ vise la notion de signification, notion dont on peut dire sans exagérer qu’elle est la préoccupation centrale de la philosophie du langage ; de...
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16De se vs. de facto Ontology in Late-Medieval RealismIn Joshua P. Hochschild, Turner C. Nevitt, Adam Wood & Gábor Borbély (eds.), Metaphysics Through Semantics: The Philosophical Recovery of the Medieval Mind / Essays in Honor of Gyula Klima, Springer Verlag. pp. 305-321. 2023.This paper considers medieval moderate realism with respect to universals. In the first part, I present and discuss the reasons why some late medieval philosophers—for example, Pseudo-Richard of Campsall and Richard Brinkley—hold the following conjunction of claims: whatever exists is particular and universals exist. The short answer is that such a conjunction is possible provided one distinguishes between what is de se and what is de facto. In the second part, I compare such a philosophical sta…Read more
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3Walter Burley (1275-c.1344) and John Wyclif (1328-1384) follow two clearly stated doctrinal options: on the one hand, they are realists and, on the other, they defend a correspondence theory of truth that involves specifi c correlates for true propositions, in short: truth-makers. Both characteristics are interdependent: such a conception of truth requires a certain kind of ontology. Th is study shows that a) in their explanation of what it means for a proposition to be true, Burley and Wyclif b…Read more
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2Formal approaches and natural language in medieval logic: proceedings of the XIXth European Symposium of Medieval Logic and Semantics, Geneva, 12-16 June 2012 (edited book, review)Fédération Internationale des Instituts d'Études Médiévales. 2016.Is medieval logic formal? And if yes, in what sense? There are striking affinities between medieval and contemporary theories of language. Authors from the two periods share formal ambitions and maintain complex, and at time uneasy, relations with natural language. However, modern scholars became careful not to overlook the specificities of theories developed more than five hundred years apart, in particular with respect to their 'formal' character. In 1972, Alfonso Maieru noted that the efforts…Read more
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21Wyclif on collectivesIn Amerini F., Binini I. & Mugnai M. (eds.), Mereology in Medieval Logic and Metaphysics. Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium of Medieval Logic and Semantics, Edizioni Della Normale. pp. 297-311. 2019.Collectives are familiar items in Wyclif's ontology. They are characterized as aggregates – aggregata – and this is the technical term I first took to be a trustworthy lexical indicator for collectives in Wyclif. But his use of that technical term turned out to be way too wide, for aggregata are all over the place in Wyclif. Here are some examples. Wyclif calls aggregates, in logic: propositions, truths, and inferences; in metaphysics: individual substances, relations, mixed bodies, integral who…Read more
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8Comme tout hommage posthume réussi, le livre que nous recensons souffre de ce douloureux paradoxe : celui dont on honore la mémoire aurait adoré le lire. Il s’agit également de l’un des très rares hommages posthumes dont la liste des contributeurs comprend le nom du défunt lui-même. Joli pied de nez qu’aurait sans aucun doute apprécié l’apparemment très austère Angel d’Ors (1951-2012). Les quelque treize contributions réunies par Paloma Pérez-Ilzarbe et María Cerezo sont parfaitement représen...
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6Une métaphysique avant la MétaphysiqueMethodos 14. 2014.Il est des affirmations qui possèdent à un degré plus élevé que d’autres le pouvoir d’ébranler le bon sens de l’homme commun. Par exemple la thèse selon laquelle une même chose peut être en même temps en plusieurs endroits. Prenons une entité E et désignons deux points bien précis de l’espace par Pi et Pii, et un instant bien précis du temps par Ti ; il est évident que les deux propositions suivantes sont incompatibles : ‘E est en Pi à Ti ’ et ‘E est en Pii à Ti ’. Vraiment? Le bon sens le...
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520Anton Marty (1847-1914) is known to be the most faithful pupil of Franz Brentano. As a matter of fact, most of his philosophical ideas find their source in the works of his master. Yet, the faithfulness of Marty is not constant. As the rich correspondence between the two thinkers shows, Marty elaborates an original theory of intentionality from ca. 1904 onward. This theory is based on the idea that intentionality is a process of mental assimilation (ideelle Verähnlichung), a process at the core …Read more
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315Brentano and Medieval OntologyBrentano Studien 16 335-362. 2018.Since the first discussion of Brentano’s relation to (and account of) medieval philosophy by Spiegelberg in 1936, a fair amount of studies have been dedicated to the topic. And if those studies focused on some systematic issue at all, the beloved topic of intentionality clearly occupied a hegemonic position in the scholarly landscape . The following pages consider the question from the point of view of ontology, and in a twofold perspective: What did Brentano know about medieval ontology and wha…Read more
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13Signum est in praedicadmento relationisOxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy 6 (1). 2018.Roger Bacon is a remarkable figure for his theory of the sign. According to the new reading hypothesis presented in this article, the whole theory is grounded on the relational nature of the sign. Every sign is involved in two relations: one to the interpreter, the other to the significate, the first being “more essential” than the second. The hypothesis allows for a better understanding of Bacon’s central claim that speakers constantly re-impose words in colloquial practice, as well as of its m…Read more
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14Formal Approaches and Natural Language in Medieval Logic (edited book)Brepols. 2016.Is medieval logic formal? And if yes, in what sense? There are striking affinities between medieval and contemporary theories of language. Authors from the two periods share formal ambitions and maintain complex, and at time uneasy, relations with natural language. However, modern scholars became careful not to overlook the specificities of theories developed more than five hundred years apart, in particular with respect to their 'formal' character. In 1972, Alfonso Maieru noted that the efforts…Read more
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17The New Ueberweg – Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie: Publication of the First Three Volumes on the Byzantine and Latin Middle AgesBulletin de Philosophie Medievale 60 3-7. 2018.The aim of this short note is to draw the attention of scholars in the field of medieval philosophy to the publication of several volumes, already issued or in preparation, of the new Ueberweg dedicated to medieval philosophy in the Byzantine and Latin worlds. The note includes an overall description of these volumes and various references concerning the future development of the Ueberweg as a whole.
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12Microhistory and historical casuistry: about Carlo Ginzburg's methodMethodos 19. 2019.Le dossier de textes que l’on présente ici offre une structure assez inhabituelle. Deux textes de Carlo Ginzburg fournissent la matière première de ce dossier, mais seul l’un de ces deux textes, « Anomalies conjonctives. Une réflexion sur les loups garous », est ici donné (il est pour la première fois traduit en français, traduction due à Martin Rueff). Le second texte, issu d’une conférence donnée à Genève en 2016, a en effet déjà été publié en français, dans une version librement accessible...
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A. de Libera, L. Cesalli et F. Goubier (éd.), Formal Approaches and Natural Language in Medieval Logic (edited book)Barcelona - Roma, Fédération Internationale des Instituts d’Etudes Médiévales. 2016.
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17Mental Similarity: Marty and the Pre-Brentanian TraditionIn Hamid Taieb & Guillaume Fréchette (eds.), Mind and Language – On the Philosophy of Anton Marty, De Gruyter. pp. 63-82. 2017.
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Guillaume d'Auvergne et l'enunciabile : la solution profance d'un problème théologiqueIn Franco Morenzoni & Jean-Yves Tilliette (eds.), Autour de Guillaume d'Auvergne (+1249), Brepols Publishers. 2005.
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73Wyclif on the Felicity (Conditions) of MarriageVivarium 49 (1-3): 258-274. 2011.Regarding marriage, John Wyclif defends the following position: strictly speaking, no words or any kind of sensory signs would be needed, since the consensus of the spouses together with God's approbation would suffice for the accomplishment of marriage. But if words do have to be pronounced, then the appropriate formula should not be in the present, but in the future. In the following, I shall discuss Wyclif's arguments by comparing them with some other medieval positions, as well as with some …Read more
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4Postscript: Medieval Logic as SprachphilosophieBulletin de Philosophie Medievale 52 117-132. 2010.
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3Anton Martys philosophische Stellung in der österreichischen TraditionBrentano Studien 12 121-181. 2006.
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22Richard Brinkley O.F.M., de propositioneArchives d'Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Âge 71 (1): 203-254. 2004.La Summa logicae de Brinkley est l’un des grands manuels de logique réaliste qui fleurissent en Angleterre, à partir de 1320-1330. Dans le De propositione, le Doctor antiquus, avant d’aborder la question du significatum propositionis, s’interroge sur la nature, les lieux et les divisions des propositions. Sa théorie de la proposition mentale comme résultat d’une composition, non de concepts, mais des choses qu’ils signifient, rappelle celle de Gauthier Burley, mais Brinkley n’étend pas la notion…Read more