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195The article argues that AI can enhance the measurement and implementation of democratic processes within political parties, known as Intra-Party Democracy (IPD). It identifies the limitations of traditional methods for measuring IPD, which often rely on formal parameters, self-reported data, and tools like surveys. Such limitations lead to the collection of partial data, rare updates, and significant demands on resources. To address these issues, the article suggests that specific data managemen…Read more
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186InformationIn Carl Mitcham (ed.), Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics (ESTE). 2005.
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294The advent of Generative AI, particularly through Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and its successors, marks a paradigm shift in the AI landscape. Advanced LLMs exhibit multimodality, handling diverse data formats, thereby broadening their application scope. However, the complexity and emergent autonomy of these models introduce challenges in predictability and legal compliance. This paper analyses the legal and regulatory implications of Generative AI and LLMs in the European Union con…Read more
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124Regulation by design (RBD) is a growing research field that explores, develops, and criticises the regulative function of design. In this article, we provide a qualitative thematic synthesis of the existing literature. The aim is to explore and analyse RBD's core features, practices, limitations, and related governance implications. To fulfil this aim, we examine the extant literature on RBD in the context of digital technologies. We start by identifying and structuring the core features of RBD,…Read more
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31On the Brussels-Washington Consensus About the Legal Definition of Artificial IntelligencePhilosophy and Technology 36 (4): 1-9. 2023.
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25The ethics of information warfare (edited book)Springer International Publishing. 2014.This book offers an overview of the ethical problems posed by Information Warfare, and of the different approaches and methods used to solve them, in order to provide the reader with a better grasp of the ethical conundrums posed by this new form of warfare. The volume is divided into three parts, each comprising four chapters. The first part focuses on issues pertaining to the concept of Information Warfare and the clarifications that need to be made in order to address its ethical implications…Read more
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15Digital Sovereignty, Digital Expansionism, and the Prospects for Global AI GovernanceIn Marina Timoteo, Barbara Verri & Riccardo Nanni (eds.), Quo Vadis, Sovereignty? : New Conceptual and Regulatory Boundaries in the Age of Digital China, Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 51-75. 2023.In recent years, policymakers, academics, and practitioners have increasingly called for the development of global governance mechanisms for artificial intelligence (AI). This paper considers the prospects for these calls in light of two other geopolitical trends: digital sovereignty and digital expansionism. While calls for global AI governance promote the surrender of some state sovereignty over AI, digital sovereignty and expansionism seek to secure greater state control over digital technolo…Read more
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66Online Altruism: What it is and how it Differs from Other Kinds of AltruismMinds and Machines 33 (4): 641-666. 2023.Altruism is a well-studied phenomenon in the social sciences, but online altruism has received relatively little attention. In this article, we examine several cases of online altruism, and analyse the key characteristics of the phenomenon, in particular comparing and contrasting it against models of traditional donor behaviour. We suggest a novel definition of online altruism, and provide an in-depth, mixed-method study of a significant case, represented by the r/Assistance subreddit. We argue …Read more
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51The Ethics of Online Controlled Experiments (A/B Testing)Minds and Machines 33 (4): 667-693. 2023.Online controlled experiments, also known as A/B tests, have become ubiquitous. While many practical challenges in running experiments at scale have been thoroughly discussed, the ethical dimension of A/B testing has been neglected. This article fills this gap in the literature by introducing a new, soft ethics and governance framework that explicitly recognizes how the rise of an experimentation culture in industry settings brings not only unprecedented opportunities to businesses but also sign…Read more
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42On Good and Evil, the Mistaken Idea That Technology Is Ever Neutral, and the Importance of the Double-Charge ThesisPhilosophy and Technology 36 (3): 1-5. 2023.
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31Machine Unlearning: Its Nature, Scope, and Importance for a “Delete Culture”Philosophy and Technology 36 (2): 1-8. 2023.
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4InformationIn The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information, Blackwell. 2004.The prelims comprise: Introduction Semantic Information The Mathematical Theory of Communication Some Philosophical Approaches to Semantic Information Conclusion Acknowledgments Some Web Resources.
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8The Philosophy of Information: Ten Years LaterIn Armen T. Marsoobian, Brian J. Huschle, Eric Cavallero & Patrick Allo (eds.), Putting Information First, Wiley‐blackwell. 2011-04-22.This chapter contains sections titled: Comments and Replies Conclusion Acknowledgments References.
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37Smart Cities: Reviewing the Debate About Their Ethical ImplicationsIn Francesca Mazzi (ed.), The 2022 Yearbook of the Digital Governance Research Group, Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 11-38. 2023.This paper considers a host of definitions and labels attached to the concept of smart cities to identify four dimensions that ground a review of ethical concerns emerging from the current debate. These are: (1) network infrastructure, with the corresponding concerns of control, surveillance, and data privacy and ownership; (2) post-political governance, embodied in the tensions between public and private decision-making and cities as post-political entities; (3) social inclusion, expressed in t…Read more
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8Saving Human Lives and Rights: Recommendations for Protecting Human Rights When Adopting COVID-19 Vaccine PassportsIn Francesca Mazzi (ed.), The 2022 Yearbook of the Digital Governance Research Group, Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 117-130. 2023.The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused social and economic devastation. As the milestone of two years of ‘living with the virus’ approaches, governments and businesses are attempting to develop means of reopening society whilst still protecting public health. However, developing interventions – particularly technological interventions – that find a safe, socially acceptable, and ethically justifiable balance between these two seemingly opposing demands is extremely challenging. There is n…Read more
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7How to Counter Moral Evil: Paideia and NomosIn Francesca Mazzi (ed.), The 2022 Yearbook of the Digital Governance Research Group, Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 5-9. 2023.In this short article, I argue that (a) the distinction between what counts as natural and moral evil is not fixed; that (b) science and technology can transform natural evil into moral evil; that (c) two main philosophical anthropologies explain moral evil as due to ignorance (Socrates) or wickedness (Hobbes); and hence that (d) a society that seeks to counter evil should rely on science and technology to transform natural evil into moral evil and then on education (Paideia) and regulations (No…Read more
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20AI in Support of the SDGs: Six Recurring Challenges and Related Opportunities Identified Through Use CasesIn Francesca Mazzi & Luciano Floridi (eds.), The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals, Springer Verlag. pp. 9-33. 2023.This chapter provides an overview of six topics related to governance, ethical, legal, and social implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for sustainable development goals (SDGs) initiatives. We identified six common challenges and related opportunities to mitigate such challenges, as referred to by the authors analysing the chapters provided in the book The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals. They are (1) governance and collaboration, (2) private invest…Read more
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16Introduction: Understanding the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development GoalsIn Francesca Mazzi & Luciano Floridi (eds.), The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals, Springer Verlag. pp. 3-7. 2023.Artificial intelligence (AI) as a general-purpose technology has great potential for advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the AI×SDGs phenomenon is still in its infancy in terms of diffusion, analysis, and empirical evidence. Moreover, a scalable adoption of AI solutions to advance the achievement of the SDGs requires private and public actors to engage in coordinated actions that have been analysed only partially so far. This volume provides the first over…Read more
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33The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals (edited book)Springer Verlag. 2023.This volume provides an extensive overview of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for the Sustainable Development Goals. The authors are experts contributing with perspectives from different fields. The comprehensive collection of chapters illustrates the pressing governance problems related to using AI for the SDGs, and case studies describing how AI is advancing and can advance the achievement of the Goals. Students, scholars, and practitioners working on AI for SDGs, the ethical governance …Read more
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294Trump, Parler, and regulating the infosphere as our commonsPhilosophy and Technology 34 (1). 2021.Following the storming of the US Capitol building, Donald Trump became digitally toxic, and was deplatformed from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube—as well as a host of other social media networks. Subsequent debate has centred on the questions of whether these companies did the right thing and the possible ramifications of their actions for the future of digital societies along with their democratic organisation. This article seeks to answer this question through examining complex, and…Read more
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787A defence of constructionism: philosophy as conceptual engineeringMetaphilosophy 42 (3): 282-304. 2011.This article offers an account and defence of constructionism, both as a metaphilosophical approach and as a philosophical methodology, with references to the so-called maker's knowledge tradition. Its main thesis is that Plato's “user's knowledge” tradition should be complemented, if not replaced, by a constructionist approach to philosophical problems in general and to knowledge in particular. Epistemic agents know something when they are able to build (reproduce, simulate, model, construct, e…Read more
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920AI Risk Assessment: A Scenario-Based, Proportional Methodology for the AI ActDigital Society 3 (13): 1-29. 2024.The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories for AI systems: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, it lacks a clear methodology for the assessment of these risks in concrete situations. Risks are broadly categorized based on the application areas of AI systems and ambiguous risk factors. This paper suggests a methodology for assessing AI risk magnitudes, focusing on the construction of real-world risk scenarios. To this scope, we propose to integrate the AIA…Read more
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692Taking AI Risks Seriously: a New Assessment Model for the AI ActAI and Society 38 (3): 1-5. 2023.The EU proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, as these categories statically depend on broad fields of application of AI, the risk magnitude may be wrongly estimated, and the AIA may not be enforced effectively. This problem is particularly challenging when it comes to regulating general-purpose AI (GPAI), which has versatile and often unpredictable applications. Recent amendments to the compromise text,…Read more
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15The Green and the Blue: A New Political Ontology for a Mature Information SocietyIn Luciano Floridi & Jörg Noller (eds.), The Green and the Blue: Digital Politics in Philosophical Discussion, Verlag Karl Alber. pp. 9-52. 2022.
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Replies to Broy, Gabriel, Grunwald, Hagengruber, Kriebitz, Lütge, Max, Misselhorn, and RehbeinIn Thomas Buchheim, Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Lutz-Bachmann, Isabelle Mandrella, Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer & Wilhelm Vossenkuhl (eds.), Philosophisches Jahrbuch 2/2021, Verlag Karl Alber. pp. 378-393. 2021.
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26Correction to: The Switch, the Ladder, and the Matrix: Models for Classifying AI SystemsMinds and Machines 33 (1): 249-249. 2023.
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335AI as Agency Without Intelligence: on ChatGPT, Large Language Models, and Other Generative ModelsPhilosophy and Technology 36 (1): 1-7. 2023.
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21The Green and the Blue: Digital Politics in Philosophical Discussion (edited book)Verlag Karl Alber. 2022.Wie kann Europa politisch und gesellschaftlich durch die Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung profitieren und seine Krisen überwinden, von denen es in der letzten Zeit so geplagt wurde? Wie kann es ein „Humanprojekt“ und die Einheit von „grüner“ Ökologie und „blauer“ Informationstechnik realisieren? In diesem Band präsentiert Luciano Floridi eine Zusammenfassung seiner Thesen, wie sich die Digitalisierung ganz konkret auf politische und soziale Phänomene auswirkt, und wie nun weniger die Dinge als …Read more
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55The AI gambit: leveraging artificial intelligence to combat climate change—opportunities, challenges, and recommendationsAI and Society 38 (1): 283-307. 2023.In this article, we analyse the role that artificial intelligence (AI) could play, and is playing, to combat global climate change. We identify two crucial opportunities that AI offers in this domain: it can help improve and expand current understanding of climate change, and it can contribute to combatting the climate crisis effectively. However, the development of AI also raises two sets of problems when considering climate change: the possible exacerbation of social and ethical challenges alr…Read more
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