Marek Hrubec

O artigo trata da questão dos direitos humanos quanto ao potencial de consenso entre culturas através do diálogo intercultural. Trata-se de uma contribuição para superar os confrontos entre civilizações e a imposição coercitiva de direitos humanos sobre outras culturas. O paper mostra que a promoção intercultural de direitos humanos entre culturas individuais que se reconhecem mutuamente é uma das formas efetivas de resistência contra a falta de reconhecimento. Todavia, é mister uma formulação dos direitos humanos embasada nos valores de culturas individuais e no diálogo entre elas. A interpretação aqui adotada é uma contribuição para criar ‘unidade na pluralidade’, i.e. uma universalidade de direitos humanos dentro da pluralidade de culturas

The Law of Peoples and Global Justice: Beyond the Liberal Nationalism of John Rawls The paper deals with the relation of a theory of international justice, specifically John Rawls's philosophy of the law of peoples, and a theory of global justice. In the first part, the paper outlines Rawls's main theses on the international conception of the law of peoples. The second part concerns a problem found in segments of Rawls's theory, specifically his concept of a social contract—contractualism. This problem inadequately approaches the relationship between the individual and the community. The third part deals with the inconsistent points in Rawls's theory contained in part two, i.e. his principles of justice selected with the aid of social contract. In the fourth part, the paper concentrates on the consequences of these limitations for a socially distributive dimension of justice or as an approach for dealing with disproportionate global inequalities. The last part formulates the causes of the limitations of Rawls's theory of international justice and points out the need for a global justice which is socially and inter-culturally considerate.

The article deals with the theme of updating of Cuba’s economic model mainly from the perspective of economic and political philosophy and its interdisciplinary contexts. First, it examines the historical origins of Cuba’s socialist model and the subsequent changes after the fall of the Eastern Bloc. Second, it analyses the actualization of Cuba’s model in the first two decades of the 21st century, that is, mainly the introduction of market and private ownership to complement planning and public ownership. Third, it explains the codification of these changes in the new constitution. Forth and finally, it focuses on an interpretation of international cooperation both in Latin America, especially within the framework of the two pink tides, and with other partners in global interactions, particularly China. This will make it possible to understand the updated Cuba’s model, which the author has coined strategic socialism with Cuban characteristics.

The paper analyzes recognition in relation to the global legal arrangements. It articulates of an extra-territorial recognition of right-holders by means of the development of a philosophical theory of recognition on the global level. It examines contemporary possibilities of extra-territorial recognition that are bound to the nation-states hitherto. The paper indicates an increasing influence of various transnational agents in order to show (1) the possibilities and limits of extra-territorial recognition based on a state-centric approach, and (2) a demand of supranational recognition. Therefore, it maps the development from thecontemporary international system to the system that can contain also important supranational elements. In its practical consequences, it leads not only to rethinking social, political and legal philosophy but also to a philosophical reinvention of the United Nations because a new supranational stage of recognition requires not only a responsibility of the nation-states but also a direct responsibility of non-state transnationalagents.

This article was written on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main, where the Frankfurt School was founded and continues to evolve. From philosophical and interdisciplinary perspectives, the article focuses on the trichotomic characteristics of critical theory, specifically: critique, explanation, and normativity. It looks first at the founding of the Institute for Social Research; second, at the emergence of critical theory at the Institute; and third, at how these ideas evolved. It identifies trichotomy underpinning Horkheimer’s approach to critical theory. In the conclusion, the revisions made to critical theory in the later stages of development are considered.

Text se zaměřuje na ideu otroctví v dějinách evropského a severoamerického myšlení. Věnuje se souboru šestnácti esejí Zotročení svobodou (2010), v němž Petr Bláha mapuje pojetí otroctví u vybraných filosofů v těchto dějinách a koncentruje se zejména na myšlenky autorů evropského kánonu. Postupuje chronologicky, začíná tradičně od antiky a pokračuje až do 20. století. K autorům, kteří měli na Bláhovo stanovisko největší formativní vliv, patří novověcí filosofové, s nimiž sdílí jak témata, tak do velké míry i přístup k nim. S tím souvisí i zájem o ideu svobody, která do určité míry stála v opozici k ideji otroctví. Odtud ve svém paradoxním důsledku pochází myšlenka „zotročení svobodou“.

The article deals with an issue of a critical concept of injustice. It concentrates on injustice by focusing on three fundamental elements of Critical theory of society: critique, explanation, and normativity. Firstly, it clarifies the need for critical social criticism to have an internal character. Secondly, it concentrates on relations between individual elements of the above-mentioned trichotomy, and stresses the consequences of such an analysis for a Critical social theory. It shows that only an articulation of all three elements in their mutual constitutive relations will enable to work out a critical concept of in/justice.

The book contains critical analyses of injustice in connection to law and ethics, and develops normative alternatives linked to justice. It covers the relevant issues from social justice to cyber justice. The chapters address issues and concepts which guideline on social innovations, transformations inherent in democratizing processes, global conflicts and other interactions, including the ultimate danger of escalation to war conflicts, be they conventional wars or new cyberwars.--From publisher's website.

The book analyses how Africans and Africa relate to other parts of the multilateral world, and to the world in general, and how these relations stem from local, national and regional interactions in different parts of Africa, as well as Africa as a whole. The first part focuses on the assumptions that are necessary to understand the role of Africa on the global stage, especially from the perspectives of political philosophy and global and international studies. The second part of the book looks at both Afropolitan trends and the limits of Afropolitanism. In the third part the authors focus on specific African global tendencies stemming from the local conditions in several case studies. Traditional and modern politics is connected, problematically, with the current Jihadist organisations in the local African conditions related to unilateralism and global war on terror, for example. The fourth part deals with the relevance of the language ambivalence in relation to global interactions. It examines various views of African philosophy and lays bare the perception of earlier colonial languages in view of their current strength of global action. This book will be of interest to scholars of African studies, political philosophy, politics and global studies.

Text se zaměřuje na ideu otroctví v dějinách evropského a severoamerického myšlení. Věnuje se souboru šestnácti esejí Zotročení svobodou (2010), v němž Petr Bláha mapuje pojetí otroctví u vybraných filosofů v těchto dějinách a koncentruje se zejména na myšlenky autorů evropského kánonu. Postupuje chronologicky, začíná tradičně od antiky a pokračuje až do 20. století. K autorům, kteří měli na Bláhovo stanovisko největší formativní vliv, patří novověcí filosofové, s nimiž sdílí jak témata, tak do velké míry i přístup k nim. S tím souvisí i zájem o ideu svobody, která do určité míry stála v opozici k ideji otroctví. Odtud ve svém paradoxním důsledku pochází myšlenka „zotročení svobodou“.

The paper deals with the conception of international order as developed by Axel Honneth within his theory of social recognition. It is a reconstruction as well as an interpretation of the conception, showing the possibilities and limitations of its application on transnational and global levels. The first part sheds light on Honnet’s moral realism with respect to its legitimacy. The second part focuses on the foundations of Honneth’s conception of the international recognition. The third part discusses the need of international recognition as related to political and cultural recognitions. The fourth part shows the insufficiencies of the conception of international recognition on the background of globalization on one hand and the individual/society relationship on the other. The fifth part deals with the transposition of Honneth’s three patterns of recognition from the national level to international and transnational levels. In mapping the tendencies to transnational and global recognitions the sixth part focuses on the important transitory phenomenon of extraterritorial recognition. The hints for further analysis of the theory of recognition on transnational and global levels are given as well