Maria Dolores Garcia

Recent research has shown that cultural, linguistic, and sociodemographic peculiarities influence the measurement of trait emotional intelligence. Assessing trait EI in different populations fosters cross-cultural research and expands the construct’s nomological network. In mental health, the trait EI of clinical populations has been scarcely researched. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between trait EI and key sociodemographic variables on Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire datasets with mental healthcare patients from three different Spanish-speaking countries. Collectively, these datasets comprised 528 participants, 23% from Chile, 28% from Peru, and 49% from Spain. The sociodemographic variables we used for trait EI comparisons were gender, age, educational level, civil status, and occupational status. Analyses involved Multigroup Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling and analysis of covariance. Our results revealed significant between-country differences in trait EI across the studied sociodemographic variables and interactions between these variables. Measurement invariance across the datasets was attained up to the scalar level regarding gender and education, although analyses on age, civil status, and occupation displayed non-invariance. The resultant psychometric evidence supports the suitability of the TEIQue-SF for the accurate cross-cultural assessment of trait EI in mental health settings. It also highlights the importance of incorporating trait EI into extant psychotherapeutic frameworks to enhance non-pharmacological treatment efficacy.

What role could have intrinsic motivation toward reading in an extraordinary situation like the recent confinement? This research examines the relationship between intrinsic reading motivation and reading habits in an adult population considering types of reading, gender, and distress generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Participants were 3,849 adults from Spain who were surveyed about their reading practices: before, during the first weeks, and after several weeks of confinement. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze data. Results showed a three-way interaction between reading frequency, IRM, and type of reading. Also, distress seems to pose a differential impact depending on the type of reading. The higher the IRM, the lesser the time devoted to study/work reading and the more to social and news reading. In this sense, IRM can function as a protective factor of reading behavior but only for leisure reading. Results support previous findings of the importance of consciously promoting this type of motivation in all individuals beyond educational contexts, since it seems to be positively related to well-being. Other results and implications are discussed.

El siguiente informe pericial se basa en la experiencia de investigación de los firmantes en relación a las exhumaciones de fosas comunes de la Guerra Civil y la postguerra, y al conocido como “movimiento para la recuperación de la memoria histórica” que están teniendo lugar en España desde el año 2000, que ha enfatizado sus demandas sobre la suerte de los desaparecidos y ha puesto en marcha un ciclo de exhumaciones de fosas comunes derivadas de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura. En este peritaje se usan las exhumaciones del siglo XXI como indicadores de la persistencia en el tiempo de las políticas y culturas del miedo instaladas en la sociedad española durante la Guerra Civil y la dictadura, más allá de las profundas transformaciones políticas e institucionales acaecidas en el país tras la muerte de Francisco Franco. Fue presentado como parte de la documentación de la demanda de Fausto Canales contra España el 15 de septiembre de 2012 en el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.

Intuition or rational trust? Resumen: Según la concepción tradicional, la justificación de las creencias lógicas básicas —entendida tanto inferencial como no-inferencialmente— no logra evitar ni la circularidad, ni la regresión al infinito. Justificar reglas básicas lógicas inferencialmente conlleva usar principios lógicos con lo que se genera un círculo vicioso. Apelar a fuentes básicas como la intuición, no sortea todas las dificultades. Argumentaré que es preciso recurrir a una “habilitación”, una sub-clase dentro de las garantías epistémicas. Si además aceptamos que intuir es algo que hacemos y no algo que nos pasa, podemos sostener que la intuición, de hecho, se apoya en una confianza racional. Palabras clave: justificación, conocimiento lógico, garantía racional, intuición, habilitación.: According to the traditional conception, the justification of basic logical beliefs —understood both inferentially and non-inferentially— cannot avoid either circularity or regression to infinity. To justify logical basic rules inferentially involves using logical principles, so a vicious circle is generated. Appealing to basic sources such as intuition, does not avoid such problems. I will argue that it is necessary to resort to an entitlement, a sub-class within the epistemic warrants. If we also accept that intuiting is something that we do and not something that happens to us, we can sustain that intuition, indeed, is based on a rational trust. Keywords: justification, logical knowledge, rational warrant, intuition, entitlement.

Citizen science is growing quickly, given its potential to enhance knowledge coproduction by diverse participants, generating large and global data sets. However, uneven participation in CS is still an important concern. This work aims to understand participation dynamics in CS and how they are shaped by participation barriers and drivers. We do so by examining participation in CONECT-e, a CS project that uses a wiki-like platform to document traditional ecological knowledge. More precisely, we analyze quantitative data on participants’ profile and activity patterns and qualitative data on barriers and drivers of participation. Our findings suggest that overcoming the education, age, and residence participation barriers is challenging even in cocreated CS projects. This is potentially due to issues of perceived self-illegitimacy and low access to information and communication technologies. Our results also point out that participants’ alliance with the project’s objectives and trust relationships with the project team are important drivers of participation in CS projects. Finally, we also highlight the need to think beyond participation as single actions and rather consider participation diversity in CS as functional diversity in ecosystems, with participants performing a diverse set of interconnected tasks or functions.

Although it is commonly believed that the concept of brain death was developed to benefit organ transplants, it evolved independently. Transplantation owed its development to advances in surgery and immunosuppressive treatment; BD owed its origin to the development of intensive care. The first autotransplant was achieved in the early 1900s, when studies of increased intracranial pressure causing respiratory arrest with preserved heartbeat were reported. Between 1902 and 1950, the BD concept was supported by the discovery of EEG, Crile’s definition of death, the use of EEG to demonstrate abolition of brain potentials after ischaemia, and Crafoord’s statement that death was due to cessation of blood flow. Transplantation saw the first xenotransplant in humans and the first unsuccessful kidney transplant from a cadaver. In the 1950s, circulatory arrest in coma was identified by angiography, and the death of the nervous system and coma dépassé were described. Murray performed the first successful kidney transplant. In the 1960s, the BD concept and organ transplants were instantly linked when the first kidney transplant using a brain-dead donor was performed; Schwab proposed to use EEG in BD; the Harvard Committee report and the Sydney Declaration appeared; the first successful kidney, lung and pancreas transplants using cadaveric donors were achieved; Barnard performed the first human heart transplant. This historical review demonstrates that the BD concept and organ transplantation arose separately and advanced in parallel, and only began to progress together in the late 1960s. Therefore, the BD concept did not evolve to benefit transplantation.

La Compañía de Jesús ha intentado en los últimos años establecer algunas directrices para ayudar a sus instituciones educativas a enfocar sus acciones por y para la misión. El “Paradigma Ledesma-Kolvenbach” se considera una buena base para hacerlo. Presenta cuatro dimensiones interdependientes (utilidad, justicia, humanismo y fe), que reflejan una visión integral y holística de la finalidad de una universidad. Sin embargo, es necesario hacer operativas estas dimensiones. Esta investigación desarrolla un modelo que ayuda a las universidades jesuitas a evaluar su nivel de despliegue de las dimensiones en el ámbito de la docencia.

La obra de Antonio Machado muestra una conocida amplitud temática que se manifiesta, además de en su poética, en sus aportaciones a la filosofía. El presente artículo pretende acercarse a su figura desde la conjunción entre la poética y la filosofía en base a un concepto fundamental en su obra: la alteridad. Como consecuencia de la quiebra de la razón moderna, el solipsismo de corte cartesiano quedó en suspenso. Es en este momento en el que tanto en Europa como en la España de finales del siglo XIX surge una tendencia hacia la alteridad o reconocimiento del otro, tal y como veremos en la obra de Machado y en personajes esenciales de su producción como Juan de Mairena así como, también, en otros autores de la generación del 98.

En este artículo nos proponemos dar cuenta del régimen temporal propio del capitalismo tardomoderno y sus consecuencias tanto sociológicas como ontológicas. Para ello, partiremos de las tesis de Hartmut Rosa acerca de la aceleración y la alienación. Posteriormente daremos paso a la indagación ontológica de la mano de Heidegger y la psicología existencial. De ese modo, mostraremos que los análisis sociológicos no pueden prescindir de un estudio ontológico de la cuestión. Por último, concluiremos con el rastreo de los modos temporales de la Grecia clásica aplicada al mundo actual mediante la ontología de Gilles Deleuze, quien, junto a Felix Guattari, tuvo la virtud de analizar el capitalismo como movimiento de axiomatización. Nuestra reflexión quedará atravesada por la necesidad de un diagnóstico de las patologías individuales y colectivas que conectan con los estudios sobre el totalitarismo

BackgroundA child’s death is the most stressful event and the most complex grief that families face. The process of psychological adaptation to the illness and death of a child is difficult due to a variety of emotional reactions. Parental grief had received the attention of researchers only in recent years when it became clear that this reality differs substantially from the general grief process.ObjectiveThis work aims to highlight the needs of bereaved parents; increase the specificity and effectiveness of the therapeutic approach to prevent complications in the process of loss-making; and find the recurrent thematic nuclei in the development of bereavement present in a therapeutic group of parents who have lost their child to an onco-hematological disease.MethodBetween 2011 and 2016, five therapeutic groups for the grief elaboration were made. The sample included a total of 50 parents of children who died from cancer between the ages of 0 and 21 years.Content analysis was carried out as a qualitative analysis method. The SAS® Text Miner software was used to read, interpret, classify and integrate the data from numerous sources.ResultsThe development and consecutive interpretation of the 5 clusters have been carried out to analyze the related topics using the node “Topic Analysis” and requesting the subdivision into five topics. Four topics have been well defined. Clear topics are reducible to categories of emotional relief, tools, legacy, and unfinished business. The topic analysis provides interesting indications about the different interpretive journeys of the bereavement situation and offers ideas regarding the different types of social responses.ConclusionsAfter reviewing the existing bibliography, we have confirmed the lack of specific literature on the problem of grief in parents whose children have died from cancer. Much research has shown that parents who lose a child to cancer want support, and there are still few studies on the most effective interventions for this group.

La generación del 98 surgió como consecuencia de una compleja situación económica, social, cultural y política sufrida por nuestro país. La derrota en la Guerra de Cuba y las consecuentes pérdidas coloniales fueron el detonante más inmediato que culmina-ron en un ánimo enrarecido y con aires decadentes. Fruto de este angosto clima surgió una nueva visión de la filosofía y la novela, esto es, una perspectiva hermenéutica diferente de la realidad del momento. En este sentido, haremos mención a cuatro de las obras principales que contribuyeron a dicha construcción teórica, al tiempo que desgranaremos su vertiente filosófica y la incidencia de las mismas en el conocido como problema de España. Pero, ¿qué ocurre con la visión femenina? ¿Cómo fueron las representaciones de las mujeres en estas obras? ¿qué tenían que decir las mujeres de esta generación? Para repensar las humanidades en la actualidad, es pertinente y esencial revisar los cimientos más inmediatos de nuestra filosofía y nuestra literatura, a la par que se torna crucial revisar la perspectiva femenina pues, solo de este modo, podremos tener una visión integradora de la importancia y la actualidad de las humanidades

Society faces the challenge of achieving sustainable development in the economic, social and environmental spheres. To achieve this, education in business schools has an important role when it comes to training future main actors of the political, economic and institutional decisions. This chapter proposes two complementary courses of action. On the one hand, it is important to educate for humanism, and, at the same time, this cannot be achieved without educating in a humanistic way. To educate for humanistic management, three approaches are presented: to question the prevalent economist paradigm; to incorporate theoretical contents around humanistic management in the curriculum; and to encourage students to experiment the humanistic dimension and to be connected with reality. In order to educate in a humanistic way, every agent and process in the university must be coherent with the humanistic principles and represent an example of them.

Al escribir este articulo intento recuperar, para la discusión más contemporánea sobre los universales, al menos una parte de las ideas del lógico y filósofo medieval Pedro Abelardo. En particular, hay ciertas formas de nominalismo, léase, el mentalismo, el nominalismo de conjuntos, y el nominalismo de semejanza(s), que han reaparecido con fuerza nueva en metafísica analítica contemporánea. Abelardo, como nominalista que fue, no sólo argumentó contra tesis de corte realista;, sino que también evaluó y criticó otras formas de nominalismo diferentes a la suya y, en concreto, las mencionadas. Mi objeto principal es confrontar los argumentos de Abelardo con ellas, mostrando cómo sus argumentos aún prevalecen