Maria Ribeiro

Dans cet article - ”Philosophie et Histoire de la Philosophie” - on relève la dimension historique dans l'enseignement/apprentissage philosophique en classes terminales. Le discours philosophique se croise avec le discours idéologique. Pour les élèves du secondaire la démarcation n’est pas très nette et la philosophie est considérée en tant que "opinion”. Il faut contrarier cette conception, et présenter la philosophie comme une pratique intellectuelle où domine la rigueur. Le recours à l’histoire de la philosophie peut être une solution, répondant aussi à quelques doutes sur le statut de la discipline et du professeur de philosophie.

In this article we summarize the central thesis of A. Damásio in his book Descartes' Error. We appreciate the scientifical interest of this work but we criticize the way some philosophical questions are stated, namely the concept of reason and Descartes’ contribution to the mind - body problem. When Damásio accuses Descartes of being guilty for sustaining a «disimbodied mind», he forgets the works where this philosopher explores the mind-body interaction and his broad concept of thinking as including feeling and will. Therefore, we question the title of this work and the false expectations it can produce on his readers.

Quand Socrate, dans Phédon, ordonne aux femmes de sortir de sa chambre, pour qu’il puisse mourir entouré de ses disciples, il a marqué la place des femmes dans la philosophie - l ’absence. Cette situation commence à être contestée au XXème siècle. Après l’éclaircissement des concepts de “philosophie féministe” et de “philosophie au féminin”, ce texte se propose analyser les différentes orientations philosophiques contemporaines qui considèrent la femme et le féminin comme des philosophèmes légitimes. Il termine avec la discussion de quelques questions inévitables pour qui se penche sur la place des femmes en philosophie: la spécificité d’une philosophie au féminin, la validité d ’une nature féminine, la possibilité d’une éthique de la différence.

In an unprecedented fashion, COVID-19 has impacted the work-family interface since March 2020. As one of the COVID-19 pandemic consequences, remote work became widely adopted. Furthermore, it is expected that other pandemics will occur in the future. Hence, this context represents a chance to gain deeper insight into telecommuters’ work and family spheres. Following PRISMA guidelines, the present narrative review aims to synthesise the COVID-19 impact on the work-family interface. Out of 121 screened references, 32 articles that measure at least one of the following variables–work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, work-family balance, and boundary management were included. A thematic analysis using NVIVO12 was conducted, from which eight topics emerged: “paid workload, unpaid workload, and gender”; “well-being and gender”; “job resources, job demands, and gender”; “couples and gender”; “parenting and gender”; “occurrence of work-family enrichment with work-family conflict and gender”; “enforced blurred boundaries, its management, and gender”; “boundary management impact on work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, and work-family balance.” Overall, studies point out that COVID-19 had a complex effect on both work-family conflict and work-family balance, making it difficult to state whether these variables were mitigated or augmented. Findings demonstrated that COVID-19 produced little changes in work-family enrichment. As for the COVID-19 impact on work-family boundary management, individuals had to create new tactics to manage them due to the absence of boundaries between both systems. Besides, due to traditional gendered roles, the COVID-19 health crisis seems to have brought additional hurdles to couples and women.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021278254], identifier [CRD42021278254].

In the European philosophical tradition there is a dialogue between two different guidelines - objectivity and the appeal to symbolic and allegoric thought. In the 17th century science plays a dominant part but mystery and hermetism are also present. Ralph Cudworth represents this line of thought as he deals with the relations between reason and faith, philosophy and theology, spirit and matter, innatism and experience. Cudworth tried to establish links between the Cabala and ancient and modern thought, establishing a dialogue with philosophers such as Descartes, Hobbes, Espinosa, Locke and Leibniz. While trying to conciliate different points of view, he strived in the search of universal truths that would satisfy everybody.