• The Logic of Rational Theism: Exploratory Essays
    International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 35 (2): 116-117. 1994.
  •  8
    The Epistemology of Religious Experience
    Philosophical Books 36 (3): 215-218. 1995.
  •  38
    God, Evil, and Design (review)
    Teaching Philosophy 31 (4): 401-406. 2008.
  •  18
    Can Belief in God be Confirmed?: MARK S. MCLEOD
    Religious Studies 24 (3): 311-323. 1988.
    A basic thrust behind Alvin Plantinga's position that belief in God is properly basic is an analogy between certain non-religious beliefs such as ‘I see a tree’ and theistic beliefs such as ‘God made this flower’. Each kind of belief is justified for a believer, argues Plantinga, when she finds herself in a certain set of conditions. Richard Grigg challenges this claim by arguing that while the non-religious beliefs are confirmed, beliefs about God are not. I wish to explore this challenge, clar…Read more
  •  5
    Our Knowledge of God (review)
    Faith and Philosophy 14 (1): 109-113. 1997.
  •  3
    If humans are not capable of immortality, then eschatological doctrines of heaven and hell make little sense. On that Christians agree. But not all Christians agree on whether humans are essentially immortal. Some hold that the early church was right to borrow from the ancient Greek philosophers and to bring their sense of immortality to bear on the interpretation of biblical passages about the afterlife. Others, however, suggest that we are inherently mortal, and only conditionally immortal. Th…Read more
  •  14
    God and (Nearly) Universal Pluralistic Antirealism
    Polish Journal of Philosophy 3 (1): 33-50. 2009.
    This essay takes on two challenges to universal pluralistic antirealism (UPA). One of those challenges is successful, so the universality of UPA is not entirely plausible. However, I propose that the best way to remain as close to the spirit of UPA is to be a theist. God is the only thing that needs to be outside the universal claim of UPA. However, even God is what God is partially within human noetic schemes. Since God is “in the mix” with humans in terms of being a concept-user, God’s presenc…Read more
  •  25
    Religious Plurality and Realist Christianity
    Faith and Philosophy 11 (2): 224-241. 1994.
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  •  11
    Religion and the Meaning of Life: An Existential Approach
    Faith and Philosophy 37 (4): 555-559. 2020.
  •  6
    The Many Ways God Is: Ontological Pluralism and Traditional Christian Theism
    Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 14 (2): 259-276. 2009.
    Traditional Christianity holds that God is a singular way, not dependent on the conceptual machinations of humans. I argue that God can be plural ways, different in different human conceptual schemes, all the while holding to traditional Christianity. In short, I provide a framework for an ontological pluralism that extends not just to the world being various ways but to God being various ways.
  •  4
    Christian Feminism, Gender and Human Essences
    Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 19 (2): 169-191. 2014.
    Christian feminist theory faces many stresses, some due directly to the apparent nature of Christianity and its seeming patriarchy. But feminism can also be thought inherent in Christianity. All people are made in God’s image. Christians should view women and men as equals, just as they should see people of all races as equals. The basic question discussed, within a biblical and philosophical framework, is if it possible for Christian feminist theory to hold that there is an essence to being a w…Read more
  •  2
    Relaxed Naturalism and Caring About the Truth
    Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 17 (1): 89-103. 2012.
    Can our caring about truth be rooted in “relaxed” naturalism? I argue that it cannot. In order to care about truth we need the universe to be capable of providing non-adventitious good, which relaxed naturalism cannot do. I use Michael Lynch’s work as a springboard to showing this claim.
  •  4
    On Being the Literal Image of God
    Journal of Analytic Theology 2 140-159. 2014.
  •  17
    Epistemizing the Worlds
    Philosophia Christi 8 (2): 439-451. 2006.
  •  12
    Christianity’s Many Ways of Salvation
    Philosophia Christi 16 (1): 155-172. 2014.
    Many Christians take an exclusivist stance on the nature and access of salvation. This essay explores the realist assumptions often found behind such exclusivist views and presents an alternative understanding of Christian salvation that is inclusivistic, irrealistic, and pluralistic.
  •  7
    Schubert Ogden on truth, meaningfulness, and religious language
    American Journal of Theology and Philosophy 9 (3). 1988.
  •  11
    My goal is to explicate the ontological framework of the human self that is required for radical discipleship. I do this through two notions: Christian love and Christian humility. To that end I explore the other- and the self-regarding aspects of humility and love, posing a problem for love and humility rooted in our typical notions of self-interest and phronesis. I then propose a way of rethinking humility and love in the context of a sketch of solidarity and an alternative ontology of the sel…Read more
  •  23
    Our Knowledge of God (review)
    Faith and Philosophy 14 (1): 109-113. 1997.
  •  62
    [ I ] Introduction: Paradigms, Theism, and the Parity Thesis Few claims are more controversial than that beliefs about God are rational. ...
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    Socrates and St. Paul: Can Christian Apologetics be Public Philosophy?
    Essays in Philosophy 15 (1): 117-137. 2014.
    Can popular Christian apologetics be public philosophy? This paper argues that it can be partly because the criteria for what counts as public philosophy are so vague but also partly because popular Christian apologetics parallels much that counts as public philosophy both in terms of its historical roots in Socrates but also how public philosophy is practiced now. In particular, there are parallels on the role of amateurs vs. professionals, the sorts of topics, the quality of the discussions, a…Read more
  • Many traditional Christians hold that since God created the world, the world is noetically real, that is, not dependent, generally, on human noetic contributions for its ontological status. This essay argues that traditional Christianity only requires noetic realism about God. William Alston and Plantinga are taken as examples of two traditional Christian philosophers who hold to noetic realism and their arguments touching on the connection between the Christianity and realism are considered
  •  9
    Much “To-Do” about Nothing
    Philosophia Christi 11 (1): 207-214. 2009.
    Steven Hales’s defense of his philosophical relativism in “What to Do about Incommensurable Doxastic Perspectives” challenges a number of my criticisms made in my “Hales’s Argument for Philosophical Relativism.” I respond to each of these challenges and make a number of further observations about Hales’s position.
  •  53
    The Many Ways God Is: Ontological Pluralism and Traditional Christian Theism
    Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 14 (2): 259-276. 2009.
    Traditional Christianity holds that God is a singular way, not dependent on the conceptual machinations of humans. I argue that God can be plural ways, different in different human conceptual schemes, all the while holding to traditional Christianity. In short, I provide a framework for an ontological pluralism that extends not just to the world being various ways but to God being various ways.
  •  28
    Christian Feminism, Gender, and Human Essences: Toward a Solution of the Sameness and Difference Dilemma
    Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 19 (2): 169-191. 2014.
    Christian feminist theory faces many stresses, some due directly to the apparent nature of Christianity and its seeming patriarchy. But feminism can also be thought inherent in Christianity. All people are made in God’s image. Christians should view women and men as equals, just as they should see peopleof all races as equals. The basic question discussed, within a biblical and philosophical framework, is if it possible for Christian feminist theory to hold thatthere is an essence to being a wom…Read more