Olena Dubchak

The object of the present study is philosophical analysis of the nature of evil in human behavior in the context of conflict with good as the eternal nature, education and punishment in ancient Ukrainian philosophical tradition. The aim of the study is to analyze the current problems in the pre-Ukrainian mythological, legal and literary heritage and early philosophical and legal concepts of pre-renaissance, renaissance and enlightenment. In this regard, the task of research is to address to the analysis of ancient Ukrainians mythological outlook, and conceptional values of princely ages and the era of Ukrainian pre-renaissance, renaissance and Enlightenment to the problem of the nature of crimes, education and punishment. The problem of the nature of good and evil in human behavior in mythological, literary and legal heritage of ancient Ukrainians and in the works of ancient Ukrainian philosophers of pre-renaissance, renaissance and enlightenment. The conditions of formation of natural and legal type of thinking were analyzed at the stage of the Ukrainian nation development that was demonstrated in the old book of prayers, legends and tales about ancient Slavic culture «Book of Veles». The heart of the ancient Slavic mythology is based on the idea of the divine origin of society, law, good and human nature of evil. The natural and legal thinking took place in the times of Kievan Rus Ukrainian pre-renaissance, renaissance and enlightenment, which was formed under the influence of Christianity. This was reflected in the legal culture of the princely ages and philosophical teachings of the next epoch. It was found that for the thinkers of those times the evil has a sense only in human nature. The means of confrontation to evil is a good example of parents and strict upbringing to overcome evil. It was in the Christian doctrine, and Ukrainian culture was formed under its influence in the philosophical concept of G. Simeon Polock. It was traced that based on these ideas in the mentioned period, the peculiar relation to criminal law is formed. At the princely age the philosophical content of penalty was determined by humanistic orientation and the principle of justice. It was reflected in the abolition of blood vengeance and death.