Ravi Singh

Wavelet transforms emerge as one of the popular techniques in image compression. This technique is accepted by the JPEG Committee for the next-generation image compression standard JPEG-2000. Convolution-based strategy is widely used in calculating the wavelet transform of the image. A convolution-based wavelet transform consists of a large number of multiplications and additions. A color image consists of a two-dimensional matrix each for red, green, and blue colors. An ordinary way to calculate the wavelet transform of a color image includes calculating the transform of the intensity matrix of the red, green, and blue components. In this article, we present a parallel algorithm for calculating the convolution-based wavelet transform of the red, green, and blue intensity components simultaneously in color images, which can run on commonly used processors. This means that it needs no extra hardware. The results are also compared to the nonparallel algorithm based on compression time, mean square error, compression ratio, and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Complexity analysis and comparative complexity analysis with some other papers are also shown here.

Theory of multiple thinking environments As there is a physical environment, there exists a psychological environment that governs many psychological processes including our thinking. This psychological environment is unique to each person and is framed in the initial few years since the child is born and represents the native environment of that person. This psychological environment is a collection of all those elements responsible for it to become a source of thought and maintain that thought for its life cycle. (In this context I am limiting this concept to explain the thinking process). Though the extensive list of parameters should include many parameters the collection basically should consists of values that are stored in the mind like memories, beliefs, feelings, perceptions and some unknown factors. One such unknown factor is a controlling factor which control values for a specific thinking environment. This psychological environment is mother for many Thinking environments. Mind is capable of creating, nurturing, sustaining, interacting and destroying multiple thinking environments from its native psychological environment resulting in to various thoughts, diminishing or strengthening, to fathom in to either memories or actions. Thinking environments are basically two types, reactive and neutral. Thinking environments are temporary i.e., they are mostly limited to a task or situation or condition etc. Neither psychological environment nor thinking environments have physical existence and every action by a person impacts his psychological environment.

In my opinion, OBSCURE to OBVIOUS and OBVIOUS to OBSCURE constitute thinking. Knowledge is synthesized and results as an outcome when transformation between OBSCURE and OBVIOUS occurs. Until the knowledge is complete, what is obvious at one point is obscure at another point and vice versa. Sometimes by sharing, sometimes by introspection, sometimes by application and sometimes by interrogating or by some other strategy, we understand the completeness of OBVIOUS or the KNOWN as such strategy exposes the UNKNOWN hidden in the KNOWN. This makes us to iterate this travel between OBSCURE and OBVIOUS with new pieces of information or interpretation or inventions or facts again and again. It is nothing but rediscovering or reinventing or reinterpreting or reengineering or relearning of the KNOWN again and again to ascertain its completeness. Surfacing of ‘UNKNOWN’ hidden in ‘KNOWN’ happens by virtue of something or other until the knowledge is complete. The KNOWN will become ABSOLUTE when there is nothing unknown remains and it stands all validations, questions and explains everything. So, Human thinking, in other words the process of knowing the UNKNOWN or realizing the KNOWN is a journey from obscure to obvious or from obvious to obscure. Deeds form a part of this journey.