Rebeka Ferreira

*NEWEST VERSION OF THIS RESOURCE ONLINE @ Philosop-her dotcom This textbook has developed over the last few years of teaching introductory symbolic logic and critical thinking courses. It has been truly a pleasure to have benefited from such great students and colleagues over the years. As we have become increasingly frustrated with the costs of traditional logic textbooks (though many of them deserve high praise for their accuracy and depth), the move to open source has become more and more attractive. We're happy to provide it free of charge for educational use. With that being said, there are always improvements to be made here and we would be most grateful for constructive feedback and criticism. We have chosen to write this text in LaTex and have adopted certain conventions with symbols. Certainly many important aspects of critical thinking and logic have been omitted here, including historical developments and key logicians, and for that we apologize. Our goal was to create a textbook that could be provided to students free of charge and still contain some of the more important elements of critical thinking and introductory logic. To that end, an additional benefit of providing this textbook as a Open Education Resource (OER) is that we will be able to provide newer updated versions of this text more frequently, and without any concern about increased charges each time. We are particularly looking forward to expanding our examples, and adding student exercises. We will additionally aim to continually improve the quality and accessibility of our text for students and faculty alike. We have included a bibliography that includes many admirable textbooks, all of which we have benefited from. The interested reader is encouraged to consult these texts for further study and clarification. These texts have been a great inspiration for us and provide features to students that this concise textbook does not. We would both like to thank the philosophy students at numerous schools in the Puget Sound region for their patience and helpful suggestions. In particular, we would like to thank our colleagues at Green River College, who have helped us immensely in numerous different ways. Please feel free to contact us with comments and suggestions. We will strive to correct errors when pointed out, add necessary material, and make other additional and needed changes as they arise. Please check back for the most up to date version.

This textbook is not a textbook in the traditional sense. Here, what we have attempted is compile a set of assignments and exercise that may be used in critical thinking courses. To that end, we have tried to make these assignments as diverse as possible while leaving flexibility in their application within the classroom. Of course these assignments and exercises could certainly be used in other classes as well. Our view is that critical thinking courses work best when they are presented as skills based learning opportunities. We hope that these assignments speak to that desire and can foster the kinds of critical thinking skills that are both engaging and fun Please feel free to contact us with comments and suggestions. We will strive to correct errors when pointed out, add necessary material, and make other additional and needed changes as they arise. Please check back for the most up to date version. Rebeka Ferreira and Anthony Ferrucci

Introduction to Philosophy of Religion: What it is Philosophy of Religion & Theology Common Questions: God(s), Belief, Experience, Pluralism Types of Religious Belief Terminology: Theism, Agnosticism, Atheism, Monotheism, Polytheism, Deism, Pantheism, & Panentheism Types of Theism is Major World Religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, Zoroastrianism, Abrahamic Religions, & Sikhism Arguments for God's Existence: Cosmological, Teleological, Ontological, Reformed Epistemology, Pragmatism, Religious & Experience Arguments Against God's Existence: The Problem of Evil, Logical & Evidential

Alvin Plantinga's tasks include illustrating that there is no objection to the rationality of theistic belief that does not presuppose theism's falsity, and that it is epistemically possible that theistic belief have warrant in a basic way. However, given Plantinga's conclusion that the co-dependence of the de jure and de facto objections prohibits the atheologian from showing that theistic belief is irrational, Plantinga is subsequently unable to argue for even the epistemic possibility of theistic belief being properly basic without also arguing for its truth. This paper will explore the circular nature of this argument as well as possible alternatives.