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6177Merleau-Ponty’s dialogue with Descartes: The living body and its position in metaphysicsIn Dan Zahavi, Sara Heinämaa & Hans Ruin (eds.), Metaphysics, Facticity, Interpretation: Phenomenology in the Nordic Countries, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 23-48. 2003.
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1900Transformations of Old Age: Selfhood, Normativity, and TimeIn Silvia Stoller (ed.), Simone de Beauvoir’s Philosophy of Age: Gender, Ethics, De Gruyter. pp. 167-87. 2014.
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1206Merleau-Ponty: A Phenomenological Philosophy of Mind and BodyIn Andrew Bailey (ed.), Philosophy of Mind: The Key Thinkers, Continuum. pp. 59-83. 2013.
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559The Animal and the Infant: From Embodiment and Empathy to GenerativityIn Sara Heinämaa, Mirja Hartimo & Timo Miettinen (eds.), Phenomenology and the Transcendental, Routledge. pp. 129-146. 2014.
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489“An Equivocal Couple Overwhelmed by Life”: A Phenomenological Analysis of PregnancyphiloSOPHIA: A Journal of Continental Feminism 4 (1): 12-49. 2014.In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:“An Equivocal Couple Overwhelmed by Life”A Phenomenological Analysis of PregnancySara HeinämaaTwo conceptions of human generativity prevail in contemporary feminist philosophy. First, several contributors argue that the experience of pregnancy, when analyzed by phenomenological tools, undermines several distinctions that are central to Western philosophy, most importantly the subject-object distinction and the self-other and own-alie…Read more
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405Simone de beauvoir’s phenomenology of sexual differenceHypatia 14 (4): 114-132. 1999.: The paper argues that the philosophical starting point of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex is the phenomenological understanding of the living body, developed by Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. It shows that Beauvoir's notion of philosophy stems from the phenomenological interpretation of Cartesianism which emphasizes the role of evidence, self-criticism, and dialogue.
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318What is a Woman? Butler and Beauvoir on the Foundations of the Sexual DifferenceHypatia 12 (1): 20-39. 1997.The aim of this paper is to show that Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex has been mistakenly interpreted as a theory of gender, because interpreters have failed adequately to understand Beauvoir's aims. Beauvoir is not trying to explain facts, events, or states of affairs, but to reveal, unveil, or uncover (découvrir) meanings. She explicates the meanings of woman, female, and feminine. Instead of a theory, Beauvoir's book presents a phenomenological description of the sexual difference
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183Merleau-ponty's modification of phenomenology: Cognition, passion and philosophySynthese 118 (1): 49-68. 1999.This paper problematizes the analogy that Hubert Dreyfus has presented between phenomenology and cognitive science. It argues that Dreyfus presents Merleau-Ponty''s modification of Husserl''s phenomenology in a misleading way. He ignores the idea of philosophy as a radical interrogation and self-responsibility that stems from Husserl''s work and recurs in Merleau-Ponty''s Phenomenology of Perception. The paper focuses on Merleau-Ponty''s understanding of the phenomenological reduction. It shows …Read more
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142Toward a Phenomenology of Sexual Difference: Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, BeauvoirRowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003.Sara HeinSmaa rediscovers neglected passages of Le Duexi_me Sexe in her quest to follow Simone de Beauvoir's line of thinking. She finds the masterpiece to be grounded in the work of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty
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126This collection represents the first historical survey focusing on the notion of consciousness. It approaches consciousness through its constitutive aspects, such as subjectivity, reflexivity, intentionality and selfhood. Covering discussions from ancient philosophy all the way to contemporary debates, the book enriches current systematic debates by uncovering historical roots of the notion of consciousness.
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125Anonymity and personhood: Merleau-Ponty’s account of the subject of perceptionContinental Philosophy Review 48 (2): 123-142. 2015.Several commentators have argued that with his concept of anonymity Merleau-Ponty breaks away from classical Husserlian phenomenology that is methodologically tied to the first person perspective. Many contemporary commentators see Merleau-Ponty’s discourse on anonymity as a break away from Husserl’s framework that is seen as hopelessly subjectivistic and solipsistic. Some judge and reproach it as a disastrous misunderstanding that leads to a confusion of philosophical and empirical concerns. Bo…Read more
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79Sex, Gender, and EmbodimentIn Dan Zahavi (ed.), The Oxford handbook of contemporary phenomenology, Oxford University Press. 2012.This chapter develops an alternative to the dominant articulation of human existence on the basis of classical phenomenology, arguing that Edmund Husserl's phenomenological inquiries into the structures of embodiment provide a very different and more fruitful starting point for the investigation of sexual difference than the ideas of social gender and biological sex. The ways of classifying sex and gender characteristics mark them out on several different conceptual bases, and thus their categor…Read more
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67The self and the others: Common topics for Husserl and WittgensteinSouthern Journal of Philosophy 50 (2): 234-249. 2012.Several commentators have argued that Husserl's phenomenological project is compromised or even destroyed by Wittgenstein's critical inquiries into our use of psychological concepts. In contrast to oppositional interpretations, this paper explicates certain crucial connections between Husserl's phenomenology and Wittgenstein's late thinking—shared views that concern the embodied nature of selfhood and our relations to other selves. In line with certain recent contributions, I argue that there ar…Read more
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56A Phenomenology of Sexual Difference: Types, Styles and PersonsIn Charlotte Witt (ed.), Feminist Metaphysics, Springer Verlag. pp. 131--155. 2011.
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55On the Complexity and Wholeness of Human Beings: Husserlian PerspectivesInternational Journal of Philosophical Studies 25 (3): 393-406. 2017.At the beginning of Being and Time, Heidegger rejects Husserl’s classical phenomenology on three grounds: he claims that Husserlian phenomenology is impaired by indeterminate concepts, by naïve personalism, and by obscurities in its account of individuation. The paper studies the validity of this early critique by explicating Husserl’s discourse on human persons as bodily-spiritual beings and by clarifying his account of the principles by which such beings can be individuated. The paper offers t…Read more
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52Values of love: two forms of infinity characteristic of human personsPhenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 19 (3): 431-450. 2020.In his late reflections on values and forms of life from the 1920s and 1930s, Husserl develops the concept of personal value and argues that these values open two kinds of infinities in our lives. On the one hand personal values disclose infinite emotive depths in human individuals while on the other hand they connect human individuals in continuous and progressive chains of care. In order to get at the core of the concept, I will explicate Husserl’s discussion of personal values of love by dist…Read more
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49Simone de Beauvoir's Phenomenology of Sexual DifferenceHypatia 14 (4): 114-132. 1999.The paper argues that the philosophical starting point of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex is the phenomenological understanding of the living body, developed by Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. It shows that Beauvoir's notion of philosophy stems from the phenomenological interpretation of Cartesianism which emphasizes the role of evidence, self-criticism, and dialogue.
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42Embodiment and feminist philosophyIn Ann Garry, Serene J. Khader & Alison Stone (eds.), Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy, Routledge. pp. 180-193. 2017.peerReviewed.
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41The Soul-Body Union and Sexual Difference from Descartes to Merleau-Ponty and BeauvoirIn Lilli Alanen & Charlotte Witt (eds.), Feminist Reflections on the History of Philosophy, Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 55--137. 2004.
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40Simone de Beauvoiris Phenomenology of Sexual DifferenceHypatia 14 (4): 114-132. 1999.The paper argues that the philosophical starting point of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex is the phenomenological understanding of the living body, developed by Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. It shows that Beauvoir's notion of philosophy stems from the phenomenological interpretation of Cartesianism which emphasizes the role of evidence, self-criticism, and dialogue.
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39On the transcendental undercurrents of phenomenology: the case of the living bodyContinental Philosophy Review 54 (2): 237-257. 2021.Today the phenomenological concept of the lived body figures centrally in several philosophical and special scientific debates. In these wide and widening fields, the concept is used with multiple different meanings. In order to clarify and delineate the debates, this paper provides an explication of the phenomenological-transcendental methods. It argues that these methods help us remove the most fundamental ambiguities of the concept of embodiment by distinguishing between the main constituents…Read more
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33Sex, Breath, and Force: Sexual Difference in a Post-Feminist EraLexington Books. 2006.This collection of essays provides a reassessment of the question of sexual difference, taking into account important shifts in feminist thought, post-humanist theories, and queer studies. The contributors offer new and refreshing insights into the complex question of sexual difference from a post-feminist perspective, and how it is reformulated in various related areas of study, such as ontology, epistemology, metaphysics, biology, technology, and mass-media
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33Ambiguity and difference: Two feminist ethics of the presentIn E. A. Parker & A. van Leeuwen (eds.), Differences: Rereading Beauvoir and Irigaray, Oxford University Press. pp. 137-176. 2018.The chapter studies the ethical dimensions of Beauvoir’s existentialism and Irigaray’s ontology of difference. It argues that Irigaray builds on one central but largely neglected result of Beauvoir’s moral philosophical argumentation: the claim that fundamentally sexual subordination constitutes an ethical problem that cannot be adequately solved merely through social reforms, political interventions, or theoretical reflections. By comparing Beauvoir’s concept of erotic generosity to Irigaray’s …Read more
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31Was ist eine Frau? Butler und Beauvoir über die Grundlagen der GeschlechterdifferenzDie Philosophin 10 (20): 62-83. 1999.
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303 The body as instrument and as expressionIn Claudia Card (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, Cambridge University Press. pp. 66. 2003.
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24Review of Taylor Carman, Merleau-Ponty (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2010 (10). 2010.
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22Vocational life: personal, communal and temporal structuresContinental Philosophy Review 56 (3): 461-481. 2023.This paper offers a new philosophical account of vocations as deeply personal but at the same time also communal and generational forms of multimodal intending. It provides a reconstruction and a systematic development of Edmund Husserl’s scattered discussions on vocations. On these grounds, the paper argues that vocational life is a general human possibility and not determined by any set of material values, religious, epistemic or moral. Rather, vocations are distinguished from other complexes …Read more
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20Strange vegetation: Emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’s Moominvalley in NovemberSATS 19 (1): 41-67. 2018.This article investigates the emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’s Moominvalley in November. I argue that one of the main characters of Jansson’s book is the autumn forest that surrounds the abandoned Moomin house. The decomposing forest is not just an emblem of the inner lives of the guests that gather in the house but is an active character itself: an ambiguous life form that creeps in the house and must be expelled from its living core. I further demonstrate that the emotion of disgust h…Read more
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17Une approche phénoménologique du moi : temporalité, finitude et intersubjectivitéDiogène 270 (1): 81-94. 2021.La philosophie européenne est souvent critiquée comme une manière dépassée de penser et est taxée d’individualiste, d’anthropocentrique et d’euro-centrique. Plusieurs de ces approches critiques partagent la notion que la source majeure des problèmes gît dans la pensée cartésienne héritée de l’ego. Je confronte cette notion anti-cartésienne de la philosophie européenne en argumentant que la phénoménologie husserlienne offre une réinterprétation robuste et viable de l’ego cartésien, une réinterpré…Read more
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University of HelsinkiDepartment of Philosophy (Theoretical Philosophy, Practical Philosophy, Philosophy in Swedish)Researcher
Helsinki, Finland