Ying Xue

We address anticipated fermion–antifermion and dimension-4 gauge-field vacuum-condensate contributions to the magnetic portion of the fermion–photon vertex function in the presence of a vacuum with nonperturbative content, such as that of QCD. We discuss how inclusion of such condensate contributions may lead to a vanishing anomalous magnetic moment, in which case vacuum condensates may account for the apparent consistency between constituent quark masses characterizing baryon magnetic moments and those characterizing baryon spectroscopy

© Cambridge University Press, 2011.The Alpert–Stein Factor Separation Methodology method has been utilized in the study of the biophysical response to changes in the environment to assess the relative contribution of different atmospheric factors to the biological system. In this chapter we will discuss crop simulation and land surface model-based assessments of the sensitivity to past and future changes in climatic conditions: increasing CO 2, soil moisture, temperature and radiative conditions, and crop management procedures. FS is applied to discern specific contributions to plant responses by single variables or combinations of environmental conditions. Our FS analysis has shown that it is important to understand that biological responses are inherently dependent on multiple variables in the natural world and should not be limited to assessments of single specific parameters. Introduction In this chapter we demonstrate how the FS analysis technique is a useful tool for crop–climate change studies. Important interactions between the atmosphere and biophysical processes occur under land surface and atmospheric carbon dioxide level changes. We employ the Alpert–Stein FS Methodology to investigate the direct as well as the interactive effects of soil moisture, temperature, and radiative changes on the direct effects of CO 2 doubling for different land-use/vegetation types, including agricultural production.