Yuan Liang

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are considered as a potential biotechnological tool for improving phytostabilization efficiency and plant tolerance to heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the mechanisms through which AMF help to alleviate metal toxicity in plants are still poorly understood. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two AMF species on the growth, Pb accumulation, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of a leguminous tree at Pb addition levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg-1 soil. AMF symbiosis decreased Pb concentrations in the leaves and promoted the accumulation of biomass as well as photosynthetic pigment contents. Mycorrhizal plants had higher gas exchange capacity, non-photochemistry efficiency, and photochemistry efficiency compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidases and glutathione peroxidase were enhanced, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants. These findings suggested that AMF symbiosis could protect plants by alleviating cellular oxidative damage in response to Pb stress. Furthermore, mycorrhizal dependency on plants increased with increasing Pb stress levels, indicating that AMF inoculation likely played a more important role in plant Pb tolerance in heavily contaminated soils. Overall, both F. mosseae and R. intraradices were able to maintain efficient symbiosis with R. pseudoacacia in Pb polluted soils. AMF symbiosis can improve photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities and decrease Pb concentrations in leaves to alleviate Pb toxicity in R. pseudoacacia. Our results suggest that the application of the two AMF species associated with R. pseudoacacia could be a promising strategy for enhancing the phytostabilization efficiency of Pb contaminated soils.

In the southern regions of China, the Mulao ethnic group is regarded as one of the most ancient ethnic communities. This group possesses a long-standing history and a rich cultural heritage, making it a crucial component in the study of regional ethnic histories. It holds a significant place in the historical evolution of China's ethnic diversity. The traditional residential architecture of the Mulao people, along with its decorative elements, forms a vital part of the cultural heritage of the Mulao community. These structures serve not merely as places of residence but also as venues for cultural transmission and practice, reflecting the profound historical and cultural depth of the Mulao people. As carriers of history, these buildings document the culture, art, and spiritual qualities of the ethnic group, playing an indispensable role in the preservation and development of Mulao culture. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the historical evolution of traditional Mulao residential architectural decoration, aiming to explore its traditional features and modern innovations while, the dissertation examines the various challenges currently faced by conservation efforts. The study extensively compares the traditional features and modern innovations of Mulao residential architectural decoration, showcasing unique styles in form, color, and patterns. Through case analysis, successful preservation practices are identified, providing valuable experiences.This provides invaluable experience and profound insights for future cultural preservation efforts.This research contributes to a better understanding and respect for Mulao cultural heritage, offering substantial support for the continued preservation and evolution of Mulao traditional architectural decoration.

Tight control and multifactorial regulation of gene expression are important challenges in genetic engineering and are critical for the development of regulatory circuits. Meeting these challenges will facilitate transgene expression regulation and support the fine-tuning of metabolic pathways to avoid the accumulation of undesired intermediates. By employing the endoribonuclease Csy4 and its recognition sequence from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and manipulating 5'UTR of mRNA, we developed a two-component expression-repression system to tightly control synthesis of transgene products. We demonstrated that this regulatory device was functional in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species, and showed that it can be used to repress transgene expression by >400-fold and to synchronize transgene repression. In addition to tissue-specific transgene repression, this system offers stimuli-dependent expression control. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified 54 orthologous systems from various bacteria, and then validated in planta the activity for a few of those systems, demonstrating the potential diversity of such a two-component repressor system.

Relative to the number of beryllium first wall armor fusion reactor materials, has many advantages, these advantages make it and together tungsten and carbon-based materials were selected for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor first wall candidate protective materials. The proliferation of Chinese helium cooled solid blanket module test agent coupling the first multi-wall simulation results show that using the surface heat load simulation analysis, does not consider the case of neutron load, simulation results with other results have greater access, so the use of surface heat load simulation must take into account the neutron load. The thermal structure of the first wall analysis showed that the beryllium plate to protect the stress exceeds its allowable stress, you can find other first wall beryllium alloy or armor materials to meet the thermal structure of the first wall armor material stress requirements. Beryllium has obvious advantages according to other kinds of the first-wall protecting materials in fusion power reactors. Be, W and carbon-based materials were considered the candidates of structural materials for the first-wall of International Thermal Experimental Reactor . When we neglect the neutron load, the analysis results of multiphysics simulation on the first-wall of Chinese helium-cooled solid breeder test blanket module show that the simulative result is clearly different with other results in the paper. So we believe that we have to calculate the neutron load when proceeding the simulating thermal load analysis on surface of the TBM. The results of thermal structural analysis on the first-wall clarify that the stress on Be is exceeded the allowable stress of the material. Beryllium alloys or other first-wall protecting materials should be found to satisfy the requirements of thermal structural stress

With changes in industrialization, aging population, changes in disease spectrum, ecological environment and lifestyle, in recent years, other countries or regions have begun to prioritize health in a strategic position. Since the 1990s, Taiwan, China has implemented the policy of community health building to respond to health issues caused by modern environmental pollution, work pressure, improper living and rest, bad eating habits and lack of exercise. This paper hopes to analyze the background, development process and promotion structure of community health building in Taiwan, and propose experiences that can be used for reference in other countries or in the building of healthy cities and healthy communities.

Multi-modal metaphor is a new perspective in metaphor research developed in modern times. Beyond the metaphor research of language, it combines text, image, sound, and other modes and provides new insights and perspectives for metaphor research. Food advertisements often combine sound, images, and other forms to promote the products and increase consumers’ desire to buy, and they often contain metaphors of multiple modes. However, under the perspective of cross-cultural research, when the same food brand is advertised in different countries, the multi-modal metaphors are varied to appeal to different audiences. This article compares food advertisements in China and in the U.S. from the perspective of multi-modal metaphors, and analyzes the varied applications arising from different cultural influences. The research may act as a reference for advertising strategies on cross-cultural occasions.

In the current study, the orthographic knowledge required for writing Chinese characters was assessed among participants with L1 Vietnamese background who learn Chinese as a foreign language. A total of 42 undergraduates were recruited. They were invited to participate in a delayed Chinese character copying task consisting of 32 characters. Their Chinese character reading abilities were also obtained using a character naming task. All the tests were conducted online during the pandemic in 2021. Results indicated that the participants’ accuracy in the copying task was affected by the familiarity of the characters and the number of strokes of the characters. These effects minimized as reading performance increased. In the inter-stroke interval analysis, results indicated a significant boundary effect where ISIs between orthographic units were longer than ISIs within orthographic units, showing the participants’ tendency to chunk Chinese characters into functional units when they write. Only high achievers in the reading task demonstrated the use of both large and small grain-size units in writing, while the low achievers only used small grain-size units in their writing. We suggest that the delayed copying task incorporated with handwriting measures is an effective method to assess orthographic knowledge of L2 Chinese learners.

Although some cognitive studies provided reasons that children with low socioeconomic status (SES) showed poor mathematical achievements, there was no explicit evidence to directly explain the root of lagged performance in children with low SES. Therefore, the present study explored the differences in neural correlates in the process of symbolic magnitude comparison between children with different SES by the event-related potentials (ERP). A total of 16 second graders from low SES families and 16 from middle/high SES families participated in this study. According to the results of anterior N1 (early attention) and P2 (extraction of numerical meaning) over frontal region, the differences among children with different SES were manifested as differences in general neural activities in terms of attention and top-down cognitive control. In the late stage of cognitive processing, there was no significant difference in the average amplitude of the LPC between the children with different SES, indicating that low SES did not influence the information encoding and memory updating of numerical representation responsible by the parietal lobe. The educational implications of this study were mentioned in the discussion.