Zhao Xia

An interesting phenomenon called “hidden opportunity cost of time effect” was detected in intertemporal choices. The majority of our participants preferred the smaller but sooner (SS) option to the larger but later (LL) option if opportunity cost was explicit. However, a higher proportion of participants preferred the LL to SS option if opportunity cost was hidden. This shift violates the invariance principle and opens a new way to encourage future-oriented behavior. By simply mentioning the ‘obvious’ opportunity cost of alternatives, decision makers can be more informed in prioritizing their long-term goals rather than short-term goals.

Stress is prevalent in our daily life, and people often make moral decision-making in a stressful state. Several studies have indicated the influence of acute stress on moral decision-making and behavior. The present study extended the investigation to chronic stress, and employed a new approach, the CNI model, to add new insights regarding the mechanism underlying the association between chronic stress and moral decision-making. A total of 197 undergraduates completed the Perceived Stress Scale and made moral decision-making on a series of deliberately designed moral dilemmas. The results indicated that the high-stress group (one standard deviation above the mean) preferred more deontological options than the low-stress group (one standard deviation below the mean). Process-dissociation analysis revealed that the two groups had differences on deontological inclinations but not on utilitarian inclinations. And CNI model analyses suggested that the high-stress group showed a stronger general preference for inaction than the low-stress group did, but there were no significant differences in sensitivity to consequences or sensitivity to moral norms between the two groups. Finally, the implications of our findings were discussed.

Part by the University of Physical Education in Mexican state of research, respectively, from the structure of teacher quality, school sports service model, international sports and cultural cooperation and exchange comparative study of three aspects. University sports to promote cultural cooperation and exchanges between the two countries, enhance athletic skills, so that complement each other and improve together, for the college sports in China under the WTO framework of international cooperation in the strategic choice of sports, physical education reform and innovation to provide a reference. This paper presents an investigation and practical analysis of the present conditions of the physical education in the colleges and universities in Mexico in the following four aspects: teachers' quality and structure, service modes, the goal of sports teams on campus, international cultural exchanges. We also conducted a comparative study of the above four aspects with those on the Chinese Campus, aiming at developing PE cultural exchanges between the two countries, promoting sports industry and trade service, enhancing the techniques of sports games, and learning from each other and benefiting from the respective advantages in PE. As a result, we hope the information provided in this paper will offer reference about the strategic choice of the international PE cooperation with the help of the WTO frame and reformation innovation of PE teaching for the subject construction of PE on campus