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30The interaction between reasoning and decision making: an introductionCognition 49 (1-2): 1-9. 1993.
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9The correspondence and coherence theories of cognitive truthBehavioral and Brain Sciences 1 (1): 108-109. 1978.
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49Syllogistic inferenceCognition 16 (1): 1-61. 1984.This paper reviews current psychological theories of syllogistic inference and establishes that despite their various merits they all contain deficiencies as theories of performance. It presents the results of two experiments, one using syllogisms and the other using three-term series problems, designed to elucidate how the arrangement of terms within the premises affects performance. These data are used in the construction of a theory based on the hypothesis that reasoners construct mental mode…Read more
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18Reasoning by model: The case of multiple quantificationPsychological Review 96 (4): 658-673. 1989.
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121Peirce, logic diagrams, and the elementary operations of reasoningThinking and Reasoning 8 (1). 2002.This paper describes Peirce's systems of logic diagrams, focusing on the so-called ''existential'' graphs, which are equivalent to the first-order predicate calculus. It analyses their implications for the nature of mental representations, particularly mental models with which they have many characteristics in common. The graphs are intended to be iconic, i.e., to have a structure analogous to the structure of what they represent. They have emergent logical consequences and a single graph can ca…Read more
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22Models, necessity, and the search for counterexamplesBehavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4): 775-777. 1994.
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34Mental models and syllogismsBehavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (3): 543-546. 1996.We resolve the two problems that Hardman raises. The first problem arises from a misunderstanding: the crucial distinction is between one-model and multiple-model problems. The second problem illuminates a deeper principle: conclusions depend on the procedures for interpreting models. We describe an algorithm that obviates the problem and empirical work that reveals a new view of syllogistic reasoning
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42Mental models and pragmaticsBehavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (2): 284-285. 2000.Van der Henst argues that the theory of mental models lacks a pragmatic component. He fills the gap with the notion that reasoners draw the most relevant conclusions. We agree, but argue that theories need an element of “nondeterminism.” It is often impossible to predict either what will be most relevant or which particular conclusion an individual will draw.
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15Are there only two primitive emotions? A reply to frijdaCognition and Emotion 2 (2): 89-93. 1988.
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55Naive causality: a mental model theory of causal meaning and reasoningCognitive Science 25 (4): 565-610. 2001.This paper outlines a theory and computer implementation of causal meanings and reasoning. The meanings depend on possibilities, and there are four weak causal relations: A causes B, A prevents B, A allows B, and A allows not‐B, and two stronger relations of cause and prevention. Thus, A causes B corresponds to three possibilities: A and B, not‐A and B, and not‐A and not‐B, with the temporal constraint that B does not precede A; and the stronger relation conveys only the first and last of these …Read more
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48Referential continuity and the coherence of discourseCognition 11 (1): 29-46. 1982.Two experiments were carried out to investigate the role of referential continuity in understanding discourse. In experiment 1, a group of university students listened to stories and descriptive passages presented in three different versions: the original passages, versions in which the sentences occured in a random order, and randomised versions in which referential continuity had been restored primarily by replacing pronouns and other terms with fuller and more appropriate noun phrases. The or…Read more
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2Erratum: Descriptions and Discourse ModelsLinguistics and Philosophy 4 (1): 157-157. 1980.This piece is simply an erratum published to correct in error in the paper "Descriptions and discourse models" by Phil Johnson-Laird and Alan Garnham in Linguistics and Philosophy.
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99Descriptions and discourse modelsLinguistics and Philosophy 3 (3). 1979.This paper argues that mental models of discourse are key in any theory of the interpretation of definite descriptions. It considers both referential and attributive uses of such descriptions, in the sense introduced by Donnellan
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27Talking with yahoos: Collingwood's case for civilityBritish Journal for the History of Philosophy 16 (3). 2008.
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13Oakeshott's Porcupines: Oakeshott on CivilityContemporary Political Theory 6 (3): 312-329. 2007.In this paper, I examine Oakeshott's account of civility by drawing on the porcupine metaphor that Oakeshott borrows from Schopenhauer. I explain why Oakeshott thinks that civility is best understood as a moral practice, one which has a special significance for politics. I outline the conceptual differences between civility understood as a small virtue and as an attribute of the civil condition. Three major difficulties in Oakeshott's treatment are raised. The first concerns his view that 'civil…Read more
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13Metaphysics, Method and Politics: The Political Philosophy of RG CollingwoodContemporary Political Theory 4 (1): 92-94. 2005.
Areas of Interest
Aesthetics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Continental Philosophy |