R. Fernandez

In the European Union (as elsewhere), there are many activities that involve animals and which must, as such, be subject to regulation. These include trade, livestock farming, fishing or for the purpose of environmental protection. Some of these regulations also cover the definition of “pet animals” which includes both domestic and exotic pets- whether from the natural environment (wild animals) or bred in captivity from originally wild animals. Species that have adapted to or undergone a domestication process present a series of characteristics that are more favorable for or conducive to coexistence with humans. This article explores whether exotic species should be viewed as “pets,” based on – by their very nature - being inherently incompatible with domestication, including their habitat/living requirements. In addition, it raises issues around, and rationale or drivers of, the practice of trading and acquiring exotic species as pets, when there is the alternative of keeping a domestic animal for this purpose instead.

The stakeholder theory has become influential in the field of business management, especially concerning environmental and social issues. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in the way this theory is taught in higher education. In this work, an experiential teaching method is proposed where the firm is no longer the center of analysis, and business situations are approached from the perspective of participating stakeholders. An original role-playing activity with detailed instructions to be adapted and used by interested educators was put into practice with the participation of Spanish undergraduate students. Results showed that this teaching method helped promote stakeholder thinking in management courses and led students to evaluate the power of different stakeholders.

El propósito de este estudio es dilucidar algunos de los rasgos distintivos de la concepción del ser humano que mantiene Jürgen Habermas y sus implicaciones en la teoría de la acción comunicativa. De este modo, se trata de mostrar que la antropología habermasiana se singulariza por adoptar una perspectiva naturalista y darwinista. En la primera parte, se analiza el legado epistemológico de Darwin como un programa de investigación y se contrastan los estudios de Habermas sobre antropología biológica con las últimas investigaciones en genética y paleontología. En la segunda parte, se presenta la propuesta de Habermas de afrontar un dualismo epistemológico mediante un naturalismo débil noreduccionista, como crítica de la metafísica moderna y estructurador de un nuevo realismo

Issues concerning naturalism have increasingly become the subject of philosophical reflections involving ontological, epistemological, and even ethics affairs. The most popular topic for contemporary philosophy has been the relationship between ontological results of Darwinism and epistemology. Despite the varied circumstances of its establishment, naturalism almost always produces recommendations that reflect a worldview much “weaker” (as in the case of Habermas) than the strong one more common among scientism. There are good structural reasons for this difference. The aim of this paper is to elucidate some of distinctive social features of Habermas's conception of the human being and its implications in the Theory of Communicative Action (1982). Therefore, it is shown that his anthropology takes a naturalistic and Darwinist perspective in the weak naturalism perspective. In the first part, Darwin ́s legacy is analysed as a research program, and Habermas ́s studies on biological anthropology are compared with the latest research in genetics and palaeontology. In the second part, we will show Habermas's proposal to confront an epistemological dualism through a weak non‐reductionist naturalism as a critique of modern metaphysics, which structures a new pragmatic realism.

Desde sus inicios en 1949, la REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA de la Universidad de Chile ha jugado un rol crucial en la formación y consolidación de la filosofía, como disciplina, en nuestro país, consagrándose como el órgano de publicaciones más antiguo y relevante en el contexto nacional, y contribuyendo de manera indispensable a la difusión del conocimiento filosófico en el mundo hispanoamericano. La REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA es retrato de los modos en que profesoras y profesoras de nuestra comunidad han generado encuentro y reflexión en torno a temas propios de la disciplina y su vínculo con nuestro contexto social, político y cultural. Su historia y trayectoria son un archivo vivo de la configuración de diversos conocimientos y debates de la filosofía en el siglo XX. En este contexto, quisiéramos especialmente agradecer el trabajo fundamental que cumplieron los profesores Marcos García de la Huerta (como Director) y Alan Martin (como Secretario de Redacción), quienes estuvieron a cargo de la REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA hasta abril de 2024, así como al Consejo Consultivo y Editorial que desempeñan una función activa para el buen desarrollo de ésta.

Problema: tradicionalmente se ha excluido de la esfera de consideración moral tanto al ambiente como a otros animales, aun cuando una relación positiva con ellos reporta beneficios para la salud de unas y otras criaturas y promueve el desarrollo de empatía y la emisión de conductas prosociales (Ngai, Yu, Chau, Lee y Wong, 2021). De hecho, en las últimas décadas se han observado casos de zoonosis, uso inadecuado de recursos, deterioro del ambiente y un aumento de casos registrados de abuso animal. El abuso animal, fenómeno complejo y multideterminado, frecuentemente funciona como precursor o indicador de otras conductas calificadas como “antisociales”, violentas y no violentas. Respecto del rol que juega la empatía en la emisión o inhibición de conductas agresivas y de cuán generalizable es la empatía interespecie, existe evidencia contradictoria y se resaltan aquí tres fenómenos de interés: erosión empática, desensibilización progresiva a la violencia y fatiga por compasión. Objetivo: determinar si los niveles de empatía, la disposición a comportarse de manera abusiva contra otros animales y la conducta efectiva de abuso animal se relacionan con el contexto de formación preprofesional, el género autopercibido y la tenencia actual y/o previa de animales de compañía en estudiantes universitarios que cursan el tramo final de la Licenciatura en Psicología. Metodología: diseño ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único (N = 241). Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado que incluyó el Interpersonal Reactivity Index, la Animal Empathy Scale, la Animal Abuse Proclivity Scale y la cantidad y frecuencia de conductas efectivas de abuso animal. Contribución: se evidencia sobre el aporte del género autopercibido a la relación entre diversas medidas de empatía y el abuso hacia otros animales y se refuerza la tesis de la no generalizabilidad de la empatía interespecie.

In this work we discuss the widespread use and application of the notion of 'particle' within the standard understanding of quantum mechanics, trying to prove how it is not just an innocent and unproblematic “way of talking”, as it is often claimed, but the expression of an atomist metaphysics that represents rather a way of perceiving and thinking that inadvertently determines our understanding of the mathematical formalism and the experimental content of quantum mechanics. We show how the retention of atomist concepts, especially due to Bohr’s work, appears not only as an epistemological obstacle but furthermore as an efficient factory of false problems and misleading intuitions that have concentrated the attention of researchers for some time. Revisiting again Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics, we discuss if it would be possible to advance beyond the substantialist account of QM going back to the operational-invariance of intensive quantities.

There are many operas that are based on false historical facts, use stage directions that contradict the libretto or make incorrect use of musical forms. This article considers whether the alteration of the empirical truth of an opera compromises or alters its ontological truth in any way, since analysing every layer of an opera is fundamental in order to understand it. As we will see in reference to the three fundamental components of opera – librettos, scores and stage designs – and taking Bizet’s Carmen and Verdi’s Don Carlos as examples, this becomes problematic when the empirical criteria of truth is compromised. However, as we shall suggest throughout the article, the hermeneutic reading can be considered as the means of interpreting what truly constitutes opera as a work of art and how a truth is achieved therein that does not unfold in any other way.