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322Kant’s ‘Five Ways’: Transcendental Idealism in ContextDialogue 57 (1): 137-161. 2018.In 1772, Kant outlined the new problem of his critical period in terms of four possible “ways” of understanding the agreement of knowledge with its object. This study expands Kant’s terse descriptions of these ways, examining why he rejected them. Apart from clarifying the historical context in which Kant saw his own achievement (the Fifth Way), the chief benefits of exploring the historical background of Way Two, in particular, are that it (1) explains the puzzling intuitus originarius/intellec…Read more
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37Descartes' Mechanicism and the Medieval Doctrine of Causes, Qualities, and FormsModern Schoolman 65 (2): 97-117. 1988.
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223. Cartesian MetaphysicsIn Murray Lewis Miles (ed.), Insight and inference: Descartes's founding principle and modern philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 24-38. 1999.
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12AcknowledgmentsIn Inroads: Paths in Ancient and Modern Western Philosophy, University of Toronto Press. 2003.
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5Introduction: What philosophy isIn Inroads: Paths in Ancient and Modern Western Philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 1-146. 2003.
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146. Descartes's Definition of 'Thought'In Murray Lewis Miles (ed.), Insight and inference: Descartes's founding principle and modern philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 55-67. 1999.
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13ConclusionIn Inroads: Paths in Ancient and Modern Western Philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 631-636. 2003.
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2Review of: Frank Schalow, Imagination and Existence. Heidegger's Retrieval of Kant's Ethics Reviewed by (review)Philosophy in Review 7 (3): 130-132. 1987.
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5Glossary of philosophical termsIn Inroads: Paths in Ancient and Modern Western Philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 637-662. 2003.
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515. Consciousness, Thought, and ReflexionIn Murray Lewis Miles (ed.), Insight and inference: Descartes's founding principle and modern philosophy, University of Toronto Press. pp. 229-262. 1999.
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126Analytic Method, the Cogito, and Descartes’s Argument for the Innateness of the Idea of GodEpoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 14 (2): 289-320. 2010.The analytic method by which Descartes discovered the first principle of his philosophy—cogito, ergo sum—is a unique cognitive process of direct insight and nonlogical inference. It differs markedly from inductive as well as deductive procedures, but also from older models of the direct noetic apprehension of first principles, notably those of Plato and Aristotle. However, a critical examination of Descartes’s argument for the innateness of the idea of God shows that there are serious obstacles …Read more
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103Against those commentators who consider Kant’s explicit reference to Copernicus’s heliocentric reversal either grossly misleading or simply irrelevant to the revolution in philosophy carried out in the Critique of Pure Reason, it is argued in this paper that Kant’s transcendental idealist inversion of the familiar standpoint of realism and sound common sense fully justifies the talk of a ‘Copernican revolution,’ even if Kant himself never used the expression. It is not just the dominant ‘moving …Read more