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79The foundations of probability and quantum mechanicsJournal of Philosophical Logic 22 (2). 1993.Taking as starting point two familiar interpretations of probability, we develop these in a perhaps unfamiliar way to arrive ultimately at an improbable claim concerning the proper axiomatization of probability theory: the domain of definition of a point-valued probability distribution is an orthomodular partially ordered set. Similar claims have been made in the light of quantum mechanics but here the motivation is intrinsically probabilistic. This being so the main task is to investigate what …Read more
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79A note on scale invarianceBritish Journal for the Philosophy of Science 34 (1): 49-55. 1983.A note on scale invariance.
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75Scotching the dutch book argumentErkenntnis 32 (1): 105--26. 1990.Consistent application of coherece arguments shows that fair betting quotients are subject to constraints that are too stringent to allow their identification with either degrees of belief or probabilities. The pivotal role of fair betting quotients in the Dutch Book Argument, which is said to demonstrate that a rational agent's degrees of belief are probabilities, is thus undermined from both sides.
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64The design inference: Eliminating chance through small probabilitiesBritish Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52 (4): 801-808. 2001.
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63Russell's completeness proofHistory and Philosophy of Logic 29 (1): 31-62. 2008.Bertrand Russell’s 1906 article ‘The Theory of Implication’ contains an algebraic weak completeness proof for classical propositional logic. Russell did not present it as such. We give an exposition of the proof and investigate Russell’s view of what he was about, whether he could have appreciated the proof for what it is, and why there is no parallel of the proof in Principia Mathematica
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62Hartry field on measurement and intrinsic explanationBritish Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (3): 340-346. 1986.
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59Verification, falsification, and the logic of enquiryErkenntnis 34 (1). 1991.Our starting point is Michael Luntley's falsificationist semantics for the logical connectives and quantifiers: the details of his account are criticised but we provide an alternative falsificationist semantics that yields intuitionist logic, as Luntley surmises such a semantics ought. Next an account of the logical connectives and quantifiers that combines verificationist and falsificationist perspectives is proposed and evaluated. While the logic is again intuitionist there is, somewhat surpri…Read more
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58On the completeness of non-philonian stoic logicHistory and Philosophy of Logic 16 (1): 39-64. 1995.The majority of formal accounts attribute to Stoic logicians the classical truth-functional understanding of the material conditional and exclusive disjunction.These interpretations were disputed,...
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54Modal metaphysics and comparativesAustralasian Journal of Philosophy 70 (3). 1992.This Article does not have an abstract
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54Existence, freedom, identity, and the logic of abstractionist realismMind 116 (461): 23-53. 2007.From the point of view of proof-theoretic semantics, we examine the logical background invoked by Neil Tennant's abstractionist realist account of mathematical existence. To prepare the way, we must first look closely at the rule of existential elimination familiar from classical and intuitionist logics and at rules governing identity. We then examine how well free logics meet the harmony and uniqueness constraints familiar from the proof-theoretic semantics project. Tennant assigns a special ro…Read more
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54Is there a logic of confirmation transfer?Erkenntnis 53 (3): 309-335. 2000.This article begins by exploring a lost topic in the philosophy of science:the properties of the relations evidence confirming h confirmsh'' and, more generally, evidence confirming each ofh1, h2, ..., hm confirms at least one of h1, h2,ldots;, hn''.The Bayesian understanding of confirmation as positive evidential relevanceis employed throughout. The resulting formal system is, to say the least, oddlybehaved. Some aspects of this odd behaviour the system has in common withsome of the non-classic…Read more
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52Conditionalisation and quantum probabilitiesAustralasian Journal of Philosophy 69 (2). 1991.This Article does not have an abstract
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50Bets and Boundaries: Assigning Probabilities to Imprecisely Specified EventsStudia Logica 90 (3): 425-453. 2008.Uncertainty and vagueness/imprecision are not the same: one can be certain about events described using vague predicates and about imprecisely specified events, just as one can be uncertain about precisely specified events. Exactly because of this, a question arises about how one ought to assign probabilities to imprecisely specified events in the case when no possible available evidence will eradicate the imprecision (because, say, of the limits of accuracy of a measuring device). Modelling imp…Read more
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48Notes on Teaching LogicDiscourse: Learning and Teaching in Philosophical and Religious Studies 4 (1): 137-158hese notes don’t reach any conclusions. Their purpose is to point to issues one needs to think through seriously when thinking about logic teaching. They indicate some of the relevant literature where some of these issues are addressed, but they also raise points that seem to have been overlooked. They aim to promote informed discussion. That indeed was their origin: they are descended from an internal discussion document prepared a few years ago when the then Department of Philosophy at the Uni…Read more
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46Disjunction and Disjunctive SyllogismCanadian Journal of Philosophy 28 (1). 1998.The validity of argument by disjunctive syllogism has been denied by proponents of relevant and paraconsistent logic. DS is stigmatised for its role in inferences — most notably C.I. Lewis's derivation of that fallacy of irrelevance ex falso quodlibet — that involve both it and other rules of inference governing disjunction, or, to speak more precisely, other rules of inference taken to apply to the very same disjunction that obeys DS. In avoiding these inferences the road less travelled is to d…Read more
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45Methodological and conceptual challenges in rare and severe event forecast verificationNatural Hazards and Earth System Science 22 (2): 539-557. 2022.There are distinctive methodological and conceptual challenges in rare and severe event (RSE) forecast verification, that is, in the assessment of the quality of forecasts of rare but severe natural hazards such as avalanches, landslides or tornadoes. While some of these challenges have been discussed since the inception of the discipline in the 1880s, there is no consensus about how to assess RSE forecasts. This article offers a comprehensive and critical overview of the many different measures…Read more
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42Existence and Identity in Free Logic: Two CommentsMind 116 (464): 1079-1082. 2007.Professor Tennant and I agree on much regarding the proof-theoretic semantics of free logic. Here I point to two issues, one on which we disagree, the other on which I find it hard to say how closely we may agree. The first concerns the exact content of Tennant's Rule of Atomic Denotation. The second concerns the nature of assumptions whose formal counterparts contain parametric occurrences of names
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40I examine the ideas leading up to Wittgenstein's pronouncement at Tractatus 5.4611 that signs for logical operations are punctuation marks
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34Review of I nference to the Best Explanation (review)Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (4): 970-972. 1993.
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27Annabel and the bookmaker: An everyday tale of bayesian folkAustralasian Journal of Philosophy 69 (1). 1991.This Article does not have an abstract