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14Moral Treatment in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth CenturyIn Abraham Rudnick & David Roe (eds.), Serious Mental Illness: Person-Centered Approaches, Crc Press. pp. 19-25. 2011.
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14Benevolence and discipline: the concept of recovery in early nineteenth-century moral treatmentIn Abraham Rudnick (ed.), Recovery of People with Mental Illness: Philosophical and Related Perspectives, Oxford University Press. pp. 65. 2012.This is a chapter on the history of ideas related to recovery. Moral treatment was a novel approach to caring for mentally ill patients that arose towards the end of the eighteenth century in Europe, and then spread to North America. It is most famously associated with the names of William Tuke in York, and Philippe Pinel in Paris. These two very different men—Tuke was a wealthy English Quaker businessman and philanthropist, and Pinel was a famous French medical author and doctor—formulated two …Read more
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13Review of ‘Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behaviour’, by J. Elster (review)Philosophical Review 110 (1): 108-110. 2001.
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12How Not to Walk Away From The Science of ConsciousnessJournal of Consciousness Studies 13 (4): 17-19. 2006.
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12Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)In Robin L. Cautin & Scott O. Lilienfeld (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, Wiley-blackwell. 2015.Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) is often said to be the father of modern clinical psychiatry. He is most famous for being a committed pioneer and advocate of humanitarian methods in the treatment of the mentally ill, and for the development of a mode of psychological therapy known as moral treatment. Pinel also made important contributions to nosology and the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder, especially the psychopathology of affectivity, stressing the role of the passions in mental disorde…Read more
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12Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental AlienationWiley. 2008.First ever English Translation of Philippe PInel's 2nd Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental Alienation. The founder of French psychiatry wrote Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental Alienation in 1800 and reworked it nine years later. This book is the "Entirely Reworked and Extensively Expanded" version from 1809. Today, it can give historians of medicine and psychiatrists an overview of mental illnesses as they were viewed in that era. The author, Philippe Pinel, became known as the doctor …Read more
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12Technological reason and the regulation of emotionIn James Phillips (ed.), Philosophical perspectives on technology and psychiatry, Oxford University Press. pp. 55-69. 2009.Louis Charland's ‘Technological reason and the regulation of emotion’ focuses on a specific area, that of the emotions, in which he sees a problematic dominance of the technical attitude. He argues that our technologically oriented psychiatry has taken an instrumentalist approach to regulation of emotion that severely limits and distorts the role of emotion in psychiatric practice. A prominent example is the exclusion of moral judgments and values, emotion-laden aspects of experience, from psych…Read more
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11The Distinction between “Passion” and “Emotion” – Vincenzo Chiarugi, a Case StudyHistory of Psychiatry 25 (4): 477-484. 2014.The distinction between ‘passion’ and ‘emotion’ has been largely overlooked in the history of psychiatry and the psychopathology of affectivity. A version of the distinction that has gone completely unnoticed is the one proposed by Florentine physician Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820). The purpose of the present discussion is to introduce this Italian version of the distinction and to inquire into its origins.
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10By What Authority? Conflicts of Interest in Professional EthicsJournal of Ethics in Mental Health 3 (2): 1-3. 2008.Paradoxically, the profession whose primary mandate is to instruct and comment on matters of ethics spends inordinately little time reflecting on its own ethical practices. Consider the fact that while professional ethicists of all stripes crusade to expose and denounce conflicts of interests in all other branches of the health care system, they typically fail to pay much attention to their own potential ‘ethical’ conflicts of interest. Admittedly, there have been some efforts to address the pro…Read more
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10Lost in Myth, Lost in Translation: Philippe Pinel’s 1809 Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental AlienationInternational Journal of Mental Health 47 (3): 245-249. 2018.Philippe Pinel is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern evidence-based psychiatry. Yet, until recently, his most important contributions to psychiatric theory and practice were effectively lost in myth, or lost in translation. It is instructive to review the history of these developments in order to correct any errors or omissions that may stand in the way of an accurate recognition of Pinel’s contributions to psychiatry, while at the same time highlighting some of his achievements th…Read more
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9Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale: Anatomy of a PassionIn Susan Broomhall (ed.), Ordering Emotions in Europe, 1100-1800, . pp. 197-225. 2015.This essay results from a common interest in the history of emotions shared by an academic with appointments in philosophy and psychiatry (Charland) and a literary historian (White). Where our interests converge is in the early modern concept of 'the passions,' as explanatory of what we now call mental illness. The task we have set ourselves is to see how this might: (a) be exemplified in a 'case study' of the dramatic revelation of Leontes's jealousy in the first half of William Shakespeare's T…Read more
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9Lost in Myth, Lost in Translation: Philippe Pinel’s 1809 Medico-Philosophical Treatise on Mental AlienationInternational Journal of Mental Health 47 (3): 245-249. 2018.Philippe Pinel is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern evidence-based psychiatry. Yet, until recently, his most important contributions to psychiatric theory and practice were effectively lost in myth, or lost in translation. It is instructive to review the history of these developments in order to correct any errors or omissions that may stand in the way of an accurate recognition of Pinel’s contributions to psychiatry, while at the same time highlighting some of his achievements th…Read more
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9Consent or Coercion? Treatment Referrals to Alcoholics AnonymousJournal of Ethics in Mental Health 2 (1): 1-3. 2007.Clinton is certainly correct that there can be serious ethical problems with mental health professionals referring clients with substance dependence and other addictionrelated problems to 12-step programs. But the philosophical doctrine of representationalism he proposes is not a helpful way to address those issues. It seems more like red herring that only serves to detract attention from the real problem. This is the coercive nature of referrals to 12-step programs in many treatment and rehabil…Read more
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8Tuke’s Healing DisciplinePhilosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology 9 (2): 183-186. 2003.THE TARGET OF ERICA LILLELEHT'S interesting comparison between 19th-century moral treatment and 20th-century psychiatric rehabilitation is contemporary psychiatric rehabilitation. Using Foucault's (1979) Discipline and Punish as her critical foil, she argues that psychiatric rehabilitation is "an approach to madness fraught with paradox." The paradox lies in the fact that the techniques of psychiatric rehabilitation can be practiced in a manner that contradicts its professed humanitarian intenti…Read more
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8Jean-Etienne Esquirol (1772-1840)In Robin L. Cautin & Scott O. Lilienfeld (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, Wiley-blackwell. 2015.Along with Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), Jean‐Étienne Esquirol (1772–1840) is often considered one of the fathers of clinical psychiatry. While his indebtedness to the views of his teacher, Pinel, is indisputable, his own later contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder are often considered to be clinically superior and more sophisticated than those of his mentor. Esquirol's contributions to the psychopathology of affectivity are especially important and differ in many importa…Read more
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7Science and Morals in the Affective Psychopathology of Philippe PinelHistory of Psychiatry 21 (1): 38-51. 2010.Building on what he believed was a new ‘medico-philosophical’ method, Philippe Pinel made a bold theoretical attempt to find a place for the passions and other affective posits in psychopathology. However, his courageous attempt to steer affectivity onto the high seas of medical science ran aground on two great reefs that still threaten the scientific status of affectivity today. Epistemologically, there is the elusive nature of the signs and symptoms of affectivity. Ethically, there is the stub…Read more
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7Emotion: Philosophical IssuesIn Tim Bayne, Axel Cleeremans & Patrick Wilken (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. pp. 259-262. 2009.
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7Bill C-203: a postmortem analysis of the "right-to-die" legislation that diedCanadian Medical Association Journal 148 (10): 1705-1708. 1993.
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5Heroin addicts and consent to heroin therapy: a comment on Hall et al. (2003)Addiction 98 (11): 1634-1635. 2003.Sir—In their editorial, Hall, Carter & Morley [1] present an incorrect interpretation of my central argument. The point of my paper [2] is that there are solid reasons to suspect that the capacity of heroin addicts to consent to heroin therapy is compromised because of their addiction. As one medical commentator on my paper states, if active heroin addicts can give voluntary and competent consent to heroin therapy without any problems, then we need a new conceptualization of addiction: they are …Read more
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4Moral TreatmentIn Robin L. Cautin & Scott O. Lilienfeld (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, Wiley-blackwell. 2015.Moral treatment refers to a psychological approach to treating mental disorder that arose across Europe and North America around the turn of the eighteenth century. It is mostly associated with the French physician Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) and the English Quaker philanthropist William Tuke (1732–1819). Pinel and Tuke each independently developed their own distinct models of the once popular therapy known as moral treatment. Although moral treatment is often considered to have been a successful…Read more
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3Should Compassion be Included in Codes of Ethics for Physicians?Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada 28 (7): 415-418. 1995.Compassion is mentioned in the Principles of the American Medical Association but not in the Code of Ethics of the Canadian Medical Association. In this article, we assess the case for including compassion in a code of ethics for physicians. We argue that, properly understood, there is a strong case for including compassion in codes of ethics for physicians on the basis that it is both clinically and ethically central to the practice of medicine.
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3Alexander Crichton on the Psychopathology of the PassionsHistory of Psychiatry 19 (3): 275-296. 2008.Alexander Crichton (1763—1856) made significant contributions to the medical theory of the passions, yet there exists no systematic exegesis of this particular aspect of his work. The present article explores four themes in Crichton's work on the passions: (1) the role of irritability in the physiology of the passions; (2) the manner in which irritability and sensibility contribute to the valence, or polarity, of the passions; (3) the elaboration of a psychopathology of the passions that emphasi…Read more
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3Benevolent Theory: Moral Treatment at the York RetreatHistory of Psychiatry 18 (1): 61-80. 2007.The York Retreat is famous in the histor y of nineteenth-centur y psychiatr y because of its association with moral treatment. Although there exists a substantial historical literature on the evolution of moral treatment at the Retreat, several interpretive problems continue to obscure its unique therapeutic legacy. The nature of moral treatment as practised at the Retreat will be clarified and discussed in a historical perspective. It will be argued that moral treatment at the Retreat was pr im…Read more
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2Emotions and the Representational Mind: A Computationalist PerspectiveDissertation, The University of Western Ontario (Canada). 1989.What follows is a case study in the foundations of cognitive science. In it I explore the relation between the computational theory of mind and the theory of emotion. The argument of the thesis is that these two domains have much more to do with one another than has traditionally been supposed. The strategy adopted is to formulate a computational theory of emotion and then go on to extol its virtues. On the whole the aim of the project is to explore the possibility of interpreting information pr…Read more
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1Mental Competence and Value: The Problem of Normativity in the Assessment of Decision-Making CapacityIn Françoise Baylis, Jocelyn Downie, Barry Hoffmaster & Susan Sherwin (eds.), Health Care Ethics in Canada. pp. 267-278. 2004.
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EmotionIn Donald Borchert (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (Vol. 2) (2nd Edition). pp. 197-203. 2005.
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QualiaIn David Sanders & Klaus Scherer (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Emotion and Affective Sciences. pp. 327. 2009.
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Reinstating the Passions: Arguments from History of PsychopathologyIn Peter Goldie (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Emotion, Oxford University Press. 2009.
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Ethical Issues (in affective science research)In David Sanders & Klaus Scherer (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Emotion and Affective Sciences. pp. 157-158. 2009.
Louis C. Charland
(1958 - 2021)
London, Ontario, Canada
Areas of Specialization
Philosophy, Misc |
Areas of Interest
Metaphysics and Epistemology |