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1Autonomy and social relationships: Rethinking the feminist critiqueIn Diana T. Meyers (ed.), Feminists rethink the self, Westview Press. pp. 40--61. 1997.
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2Feminism and modern friendshipIn Penny A. Weiss & Marilyn Friedman (eds.), Feminism and community, Temple University Press. pp. 99--187. 1995.
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11Feminism in ethics: Conceptions of autonomyIn Miranda Fricker & Jennifer Hornsby (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. pp. 205--24. 2000.
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2Abraham, Socrates, and Heinz : where are the women? (care and context in moral reasoning)In Carol Gibb Harding (ed.), Moral dilemmas and ethical reasoning, Transaction Publishers. 1985.
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3On terrorism : definition, defense, and womenIn Larry May & Emily Crookston (eds.), War: Essays in Political Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. 2008.
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9Ethics and feminismIn Kittay Eva Feder & Martín Alcoff Linda (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to Feminist Philosophy, Wiley-blackwell. 2006.This chapter contains section titled: Care Ethics Applied Ethics Autonomy Communicative Ethics Feminist Ethical Strategies Notes Further Reading.
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124Virtues and Oppression: A Complicated RelationshipHypatia 23 (3): 189-196. 2008.This paper raises some minor questions about Lisa Tessman's book, Burdened Virtues. Friedman's questions pertain, among other things, to the adequacy of a virtue ethical focus on character, the apparent implication of virtue ethics that oppressors suffer damaged characters and are not any better off than the oppressed, the importance of whether privileged persons may have earned their privileges, and the oppositional anger that movement feminists sometimes direct against each other.
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26Nancy J. Hirschmann on the social construction of women's freedomHypatia 21 (4): 182-191. 2001.: Nancy J. Hirschmann presents a feminist, social constructionist account of women's freedom. Friedman's discussion of Hirschmann's account deals with (1) some conceptual problems facing a thoroughgoing social constructionism; (2) three ways to modify social constructionism to avoid those problems; and (3) an assessment of Hirschmann's version of social constructionism in light of the previous discussion
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13The unholy alliance of sex and genderMetaphilosophy 27 (1-2): 78-91. 1996.Several decades ago, feminists differentiated between the biologically given basis of sex identity (sex) and the socially constructed cultural practices anchored by sex identity (gender). In recent years, many feminists have challenged that distinction, arguing that biological sex is as much a social construct as are the practices comprising gender. I survey two examples from biological studies of sex identity that, by contrast (I maintain), warrant saving the concept of biologically given sex i…Read more
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38What are friends for?: feminist perspectives on personal relationships and moral theoryCornell University Press. 1993.
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7The Impracticality of Impartiality in Eighty-sixth Annual Meeting American Philosophical Association, Eastern DivisionJournal of Philosophy 86 (11): 645-658. 1989.
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12Autonomy, gender, politicsOxford University Press. 2003.Women have historically been prevented from living autonomously by systematic injustice, subordination, and oppression. The lingering effects of these practices have prompted many feminists to view autonomy with suspicion. Here, Marilyn Friedman defends the ideal of feminist autonomy. In her eyes, behavior is autonomous if it accords with the wants, cares, values, or commitments that the actor has reaffirmed and is able to sustain in the face of opposition. By her account, autonomy is socially g…Read more
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11Does Sommers like women?: More on liberalism, gender hierarchy, and Scarlett O'HaraJournal of Social Philosophy 21 (2-3): 75-90. 1990.
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17Women’s Autonomy and Feminist AspirationsJournal of Philosophical Research 21 331-340. 1996.Autonomy has risen in esteem, then fallen, only to rise again in recent theorizing about women in society and culture. In this paper, I further bolster the renewed feminist interest in autonomy. I characterize feminist social aspirations in terms of three very abstract goals and then argue that women’s individual autonomy promotes at least two of them in crucial ways. Women’s autonomy will improve the quality of the close personal relationships that pervade women’s traditional moral concems (the…Read more
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52Nancy J. Hirschmann on the Social Construction of Women's FreedomHypatia 21 (4): 182-191. 2006.Nancy J. Hirschmann presents a feminist, social constructionist account of women's freedom. Friedman's discussion of Hirschmanns account deals with some conceptual problems facing a thoroughgoing social constructionism; three ways to modify social constructionism to avoid those problems; and an assessment of Hirschmann's version of social constructionism in light of the previous discussion.
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3Welfare Cuts and the Ascendance of Market PatriarchyHypatia 3 (2). 1988.Recent welfare cuts have revealed that the patriarchal control of women's domestic labor has been significantly relocated from the home and the governmental bureaucracy to the marketplace. Through the sale of domestic and reproductive labor, many low income women have come to occupy a class position in relation to middle and upper income families which parallels the position occupied by the traditional wife in relation to her husband.
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80Individuality Without Individualism: Review of Janice Raymond's A Passion for Friends (review)Hypatia 3 (2): 131-137. 1988.This review of Janice Raymond's A Passion for Friends focuses on her strong sense of the individual and of individuality. However, and this is the central contention of my paper, her perspective is quite distinct from liberal individualism. It is also a complex variation on the feminist concern with selves in relationships.
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101Beyond Caring: The De-Moralization of GenderCanadian Journal of Philosophy 17 (sup1): 87-110. 1987.Carol Gilligan heard a ‘distinct moral language’ in the voices of women who were subjects in her studies of moral reasoning. Though herself a developmental psychologist, Gilligan has put her mark on contemporary feminist moral philosophy by daring to claim the competence of this voice and the worth of its message. Her book, In a Different Voice, which one theorist has aptly described as a best-seller, explored the concern with care and relationships which Gilligan discerned in the moral reasonin…Read more
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