J. Martin

En el presente trabajo se trata, por un lado, de presentar la posición de Antropología filosófica en España, empezando, en el primer apartado, por una breve historia de su posición en el siglo pasado hasta 1980. En segundo lugar se explora el carácter de esta materia, primero desde la legitimidad de su diseño por Rousseau y Kant —segundo apartado—, y luego desde una orientación en torno a su contenido —apartado tercero—. En el apartado cuarto se examina la posición de la antropología filosófica en la filosofía como filosofía primera, para terminar en el último apartado exponiendo cuál es la situación de la misma en los estudios contemporáneos de grado de filosofía

El presente artículo constituye la segunda parte de un estudio más amplio sobre la obediencia política en el pensamiento de santo Tomás. Como se señalaba en la introducción de la primera parte, el ámbito político representa un escenario privilegiado para analizar la verdaderaa naturaleza de la virtud de la obediencia, pues es un ámbito en el que se hace singularmente difícil reconocer, a través de la variable figura del gobernante, la voluntad de Dios sobre el hombre. Pero para poder distnguir esta voluntad, y someterse inteligentemente, es preciso clarificar antes el ámbito y límites del débito de obediencia política. Esta delimitación aclara el oficio de gobierno, señala cuál es el papel que juega en la vida humana y la verdadera naturaleza del poder político: de ahí el análisis de la obediencia al poder "de hecho" y al poder injusto.Así, este problema de la obediencia, y en concreto el de la obediencia a los poderes temporales irregulares, pone de manifiesto la pregunta nuclear de la vida humana: ¿quién manda verdaderamente? Este estudio pretende mostrar la respuesta de la tradición cristiana, magistralmente expresada en la obra de santo Tomás

Within the Participatory Design community as well as the Computer Supported Cooperative Work tradition, a lot of effort has been put into the question of letting field studies inform design. In this paper, we describe how game-like approaches can be used as a way of exploring a practice from a design point of view. Thinking of ethnographic fieldwork as a base for sketching, rather than descriptions, creates openness that invites collaborative authoring. The concept of playful collaborative exploration suggests certain ways of interacting with material from field studies so that it becomes a design material for an open-ended design process. We have carried out field studies, transformed the field material into design material, and set up a design game for working with it together with the people we followed in the field. The design game builds on an idea about the power of narratives and the benefits of constraining rules. We believe that this framework for collaboration opens for playfulness, experimentation, and new design ideas

It may be quite rightly stated that the EFQM Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management is the basic reference model for those organisations whose aim is to achieve excellence. It offers an integral and integrating approach to the most relevant dimensions of the reality of the organisation and permits the establishment of framework that is both objective and rigorous and based on a structured diagnosis. The EFQM Excellence Model is based on a humanist approach that situates the client (in all aspects/senses) as the centre and ultimate reason of the activity of the organisation, emphasizing the role of the latter as a responsible member of the community. An ethical approach is therefore adopted as the best way to serve the long-term interest of the organisation and the people that integrate it (as well as their sustainability in time), exceeding expectations and the policy of society in general. This article analyses in depth, and from the point of view of ethics (one of the key aspects in the search for excellence), the possible ethical implications in the deployment of the nine basic criteria of the EFM Excellence Model which facilitate the understanding of the most relevant dimensions of the reality of an organisation

El autor de este artículo lee el Apologeticum de Tertuliano como un texto de transición ideológica entre los primeros escritos mesiánicos del cristianismo y la teología política del siglo IV, i.e. una obra que fusiona teología imperial y cristianismo. Dejando de lado las disputas teológicas con el judaísmo, Tertuliano propone una discusión frontal con los romanos sobre la relación del concepto de divinidad con el poder político y quiere mostrar que la teología y la ética de los cristianos son mucho más apropiadas para una realidad como el Imperio romano que las que ha impuesto la tradición politeísta. En este razonamiento se destaca la correspondencia entre monoteísmo y monarquía universal. The author of this paper reads Apologeticum by Tertullian as a text of ideological transition between the early messianic Christian writings and political fourth century theology, i.e. a work that combines Imperial theology and Christianity. Leaving apart the theological disputes with Judaism, Tertullian proposes a frontal discussion with the Romans on the relationship of the concept of divinity with political power and wants to show that theology and Christian ethics are much more appropriate for a reality as Roman Empire which has imposed the polytheistic tradition. His argumentation stands out the reciprocation between monotheism and universal monarchy

Taking on the stigma of inauthenticity : Adorno's critique of genuineness -- Is experience still in crisis? : reflections on a Frankfurt school lament -- Mourning a metaphor: the revolution is over -- Cultural relativism and the visual turn -- Scopic regimes of modernity revisited -- No state of grace : violence in the garden -- Visual parrhesia? : Foucault and the truth of the gaze -- The Kremlin of modernism -- Phenomenology and lived experience -- Aesthetic experience and historical experience : a twenty-first-century constellation -- Still waiting to hear from derrida -- Pseudology : Derrida on Arendt and lying in politics -- The menace of consilience : keeping the disciplines unreconciled -- Can there be national philosophies in a transnational world? -- Straddling a watershed? -- Allons enfants de l'humanité : the French and human rights -- Intellectual family values : William Phillips, Hannah Arendt, and the Partisan review -- Still sleeping rough : Colin Wilson's the outsider at fifty.

Constructive Realism, an increasingly discussed philosophy of science founded by the Viennese philosopher of science Fritz G. Wallner, is the core issue of the texts gathered in this volume. The authors either discuss the constructive-realistic view philosophically or present their research interpreted by the constructive-realistic doctrine. Constructive Realism inspires philosophy as well as natural science and humanities. This volume proves this inspiring feature of Constructive Realism. All texts are written by colleagues, friends and scholars of Fritz G. Wallner to honour his 60th birthday.

Spatial objects may not only be perceived visually but also by touch. We report recent experiments investigating to what extent prior object knowledge acquired in either the haptic or visual sensory modality transfers to a subsequent visual learning task. Results indicate that even mental object representations learnt in one sensory modality may attain a multi-modal quality. These findings seem incompatible with picture-based reasoning schemas but leave open the possibility of modality-specific reasoning mechanisms.

It may be quite rightly stated that the EFQM Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management is the basic reference model for those organisations whose aim is to achieve excellence. It offers an integral and integrating approach to the most relevant dimensions of the reality of the organisation and permits the establishment of framework that is both objective and rigorous and based on a structured diagnosis.The EFQM Excellence Model is based on a humanist approach that situates the client (in all aspects/senses) as the centre and ultimate reason of the activity of the organisation, emphasizing the role of the latter as a responsible member of the community. An ethical approach is therefore adopted as the best way to serve the long-term interest of the organisation and the people that integrate it (as well as their sustainability in time), exceeding expectations and the policy of society in general.

Local deterministic string-to-string transductions arise in natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as letter-to-sound translation or pronunciation modeling. This class of transductions is a simple generalization of morphisms of free monoids; learning local transductions is essentially the same as inference of certain monoid morphisms. However, learning even a highly restricted class of morphisms, the so-called fine morphisms, leads to intractable problems: deciding whether a hypothesized fine morphism is consistent with observations is an NP-complete problem; and maximizing classification accuracy of the even smaller class of alphabetic substitution morphisms is APX-hard. These theoretical results provide some justification for using the kinds of heuristics that are commonly used for this learning task.

Both the physiological and the pathological morphogenetic processes that we can meet in embryogenesis, neogenesis and degenerative dysgenesis present common features: they are ruled by three different kinds of mechanisms, one related to cell migration, the second to cell differentiation and the third to cell proliferation. We deal here with an application to the cambial growth which essentially involves the third type of mechanism.Woody plants produce secondary tissue (secondary xylem and phloem) from a meristematic tissue called vascular cambium, responsible for the radial growth of a tree. This paper focuses on the formation of secondary xylem, considered in two dimensions in a cross-section framework. A new discrete modelling approach is used, based on the cellular scale, in order to attain a more accurate understanding of how the elementary microscopic behaviour of each cell takes part in the macroscopic morphogenesis. The mathematical model essentially uses an occurrence method simulating the main features of radial growth with simple geometric rules, such as Thom's division rule (Thom,1972)to account for the cell proliferation. The study applies to concrete instances in which the changes made in the geometrical cellular patterns of the vascular cambium clearly affect the shape of the tree, as in Pinus radiata (D. Don.).

El Tratado de la Unión Europea firmado en Maastricht en 1992 introdujo cambios revolucionarios en las competencias de la Comunidad, pues, por vez primera, se admite que la acción de la Comunidad implicará «una contribución a una enseñanza y a una formación de calidad, así como el desarrollo de las culturas de los Estados miembros». La evolución de esta nueva situación no ha sido satisfactoria por los problemas de fondo de la Unión Europea y por las dificultades que hoy entraña toda acción verdaderamente educativa. El artículo analiza los intentos que se realizaron a partir del 1992 para introducir una profunda dimensión europea de la educación, con las implicaciones axiológicas que ello comporta, y cómo estos intentos se encontraron ante diversos obstáculos poderosos que les han reducido a un estado de hibernación. A partir de fines del 1999 se consolida una nueva tendencia funcionalista en la política de la educación europea, que ha sido refinada en estos dos años, encontrándonos ahora, por mucho que sean limitados sus horizontes, ante unas pautas de trabajo que pienso serán beneficiosas para introducir mayores cotas de racionalidad en la política educativa de los Estados miembros.