J. Martin

Dieses Buch liefert einen Beitrag zu einem strittigen Thema der analytischen Philosophie, indem eine bislang noch nicht rezipierte Ontologie ins Spiel gebracht wird. Basierend auf Ernst Cassirers Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff wird die «Theorie der modalen Aspekte» des holländischen Philosophen Herman Dooyeweerd als ontologisierende Detranszendentalisierungsstrategie des funktionsbegrifflichen Denkens vorgestellt. Die inferentielle Semantik und die normative Pragmatik, die Robert B. Brandom in Expressive Vernunft ausarbeitet, werden im Kontext von Wittgenstein, Ryle und Sellars interpretiert. Der Versuch, die analytische Philosophie ontologisch zu fundieren, darf weder den strikt begriffsfunktionalen Ansatz unterlaufen, noch auf Performanzen setzen, die den Vorstellungsbegriff als Vermittlungsinstanz zwischen Allgemeinem und Individuellem bloß ersetzen. Diesem Anspruch soll der Ansatz einer «praxeologischen Funktionalontologie» gerecht werden.

Este artículo analiza uno de los episodios más importantes de la batalla ideológica y cultural entre el PSI de Craxi y el PCI de Berlinguer de los años 1976-1978: la crítica socialista del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Antonio Gramsci. Una crítica que se produce en la revista Mondoperaio en 1977 y coincide con el 40 aniversario de la muerte de Gramsci. Como se tratará de mostrar, esta crítica del pensamiento gramsciano está vinculado a los procesos de transformación ideológica del socialismo y el comunismo del sur de Europa a finales de los años setenta. En este sentido, la crítica del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Gramsci que realizarán los intelectuales del PSI, denunciando su matriz leninista, no puede disociarse del debate sobre la legitimidad de los partidos comunistas para gobernar en las democracias occidentales en la Guerra fría.

The legendary Greek figure Orpheus was said to have possessed magical powers capable of moving all living and inanimate things through the sound of his lyre and voice. Over time, the Orphic theme has come to indicate the power of music to unsettle, subvert, and ultimately bring down oppressive realities in order to liberate the soul and expand human life without limits. The liberating effect of music has been a particularly important theme in twentieth-century African American literature. The nine original essays in Black Orpheus examines the Orphic theme in the fiction of such African American writers as Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, James Baldwin, Nathaniel Mackey, Sherley Anne Williams, Ann Petry, Ntozake Shange, Alice Walker, Gayl Jones, and Toni Morrison. The authors discussed in this volume depict music as a mystical, shamanistic, and spiritual power that can miraculously transform the realities of the soul and of the world. Here, the musician uses his or her music as a weapon to shield and protect his or her spirituality. Written by scholars of English, music, women's studies, American studies, cultural theory, and black and Africana studies, the essays in this interdisciplinary collection ultimately explore the thematic, linguistic structural presence of music in twentieth-century African American fiction.

In this article I consider a two-page autobiographical recount which appears at the end of Nelson Mandela's book Long Walk to Freedom as a summary of his life and what he has learned from it. My aim is to illustrate the role of a detailed analysis of single texts in the field of discourse analysis, as opposed to studies of selected variables across a corpus of texts. The analysis is conducted within the general theoretical framework of systemic functional linguistics, with special attention to transitivity, mood, theme, grammatical metaphor, lexical relations, conjunction, tense, phase, process type, hierarchy of periodicity, polarity, continuity, elaboration, extension and the analysis of images in multimodal text. Through these procedures I show the way in which Mandela reconciles the linear unfolding of his life history with the deepening understanding of freedom that gives meaning to his life - by means of a spiral texture which returns again and again to the meaning of freedom at different levels of abstraction. The effect, I think, is inspirational - with no tinge of bitterness or betrayal; rather a message of hope and wisdom - grace personified. The approach exemplifies a positive style of discourse analysis that focuses on hope and change, by way of complementing the deconstructive exposé associated with critical discourse analysis.

The removal of water from mines was one of the key issues that former miners had to deal with. Roman colonists brought new technology to the Iberian Peninsula that addressed this problem. However, they did not invent this technology because it had already been applied to the growth of other endeavours in the Hellenistic society throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. In the mine, the Archimedes screw, waterwheels, bucket pulleys, and Ctesibius pumps were the primary drainage systems. In this essay, the primary characteristics, and modes of operation of machines are examined. Without leaving out the most significant finds made in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the regions with the longest history of mining exploitation. To serve as a foundation for future research in this field, this work compares the primary mining mechanisms in ancient Huelva on a qualitative and quantitative level by the implementation of a TOPSIS methodology, a multi-criteria decision analysis method.

This book presents a history of the correspondence principle from a new perspective. The author provides a unique exploration of the relation between the practice of theory and conceptual development in physics. In the process, he argues for a new understanding of the history of the old quantum theory and the emergence of quantum mechanics. The analysis looks at how the correspondence principle was disseminated and how the principle was applied as a research tool during the 1920s. It provides new insights into the interaction between theoretical tools and scientific problems and shows that the use of this theoretical tool changed the tool itself in a process of transformation through implementation. This process, the author claims, was responsible for the conceptual development of the correspondence principle. This monograph connects to the vast literature in the history of science, which analyzed theoretical practices as based on tacit knowledge, skills, and calculation techniques. It contributes to the historical understanding of quantum physics and the emergence of quantum mechanics. Studying how physicists used a set of tools to solve problems, the author spells out the ‟skillful guessing” that went into the making of quantum theoretical arguments and argues that the integration and implementation of technical resources was a central driving force for the conceptual and theoretical transformation in the old quantum theory.

El presente artículo tiene como fin principal publicar la traducción de la lección de fray Luis de León del título, recientemente publicada y, como homenaje a este hecho, presentar la misma ofreciendo al lector el camino que la cuestión original planteada en la lección —con una trayectoria previa en Italia- recorre en el pensamiento español del XVII. Un camino que tiene dos grandes hitos: Cervantes y Spinoza. Cervantes, como se tratará de mostrar, desde una lectura directa del texto de fray Luis, reflejada en su novela quijotesca _El curioso impertinente_. Spinoza, en cambio, más bien como filósofo impregnado de la cultura española y su pensamiento moral, del que se despega, como permite mostrar precisamente la reflexión anterior, al acoger el marco cartesiano de pensamiento ya en sus inicios, en el_ Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione_.

Since the Arab Spring of 2011, the cultural heritage of the Middle East has faced a serious threat, as Daesh (ISIS) and other extremist organizations turned archaeological sites into a financing tool. In 2016, around 100,000 cultural objects of great importance, including 4,500 archaeological sites, nine of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, were under the control of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq. However, not only these extremist groups are included in these dynamics. Part of the population of these countries does not hesitate to carry out this type of activity to get ahead.

El artículo presenta las distintas interpretaciones que se han dado acerca de la recepción de F. Nietzsche por parte de M. de Unamuno. A continuación se estudian directamente las fuentes de dicha recepción, planteándose una hipótesis original. En tercer lugar se presenta la figura de Nietzsche por parte de Unamuno y sus temas preferidos: el sobrehombre, el anticristianismo y el pangermanismo, la vuelta eterna y el afán de inmortalidad. Por último, se delinean algunas convergencias y divergencias entre ambos autores.

Příspěvek se zabývá možností filozofické definice života a kritickým rozborem definice navržené Markem A. Bedauem. Podle Bedaua je vytvoření definice života nejen možné, ale i užitečné z hlediska mnoha vědních oborů. Bedau odmítá pokusy definovat život za pomoci výčtu charakteristických vlastností. Navrhuje model minimálního chemického života, který nazývá Program-Metabolism-Container model (PMC model). Ten je charakterizován jako systém tří vzájemně se podporujících prvků: 1. programu v podobě dědičné informace, 2. látkové výměny, 3. obalu, zajišťujícího izolaci systému od vnějšího prostředí a zároveň identitu jednotlivého organismu. Pomocí PMC modelu minimálního chemického života lze úspěšně vyřešit otázky spjaté s charakterem a počátkem života, při jejichž řešení selhávají pokusy vycházející z jiných definic.

En 1594 el padre Suárez escribe en castellano un memorial destinado al público lego donde da cuenta y razón de la polémica de auxiliis. El memorial desata las iras de los dominicos y otras órdenes porque según ellos se están vulgarizando tendenciosamente problemas que debían reservarse a los teólogos. Por ello el dominico Domingo Báñez escribe en el mismo año una refutación del memorial de Suárez, también en castellano, dirigido a la Inquisición. Este artículo estudia ambos documentos especialmente relevantes para el hispanismo filosófico por varias razones: están pensados y escritos en castellano, lengua vehicular además del latín de las altas especulaciones teológicas de la época; constituyen un momento de aclaración conceptual por parte de Suárez en la configuración de su propio sistema: el congruismo; funcionaron como embrión de la Apología de Bañez; y son una espléndida y sintética introducción al problema para el no iniciado.

Taking on the stigma of inauthenticity : Adorno's critique of genuineness -- Is experience still in crisis? : reflections on a Frankfurt school lament -- Mourning a metaphor: the revolution is over -- Cultural relativism and the visual turn -- Scopic regimes of modernity revisited -- No state of grace : violence in the garden -- Visual parrhesia? : Foucault and the truth of the gaze -- The Kremlin of modernism -- Phenomenology and lived experience -- Aesthetic experience and historical experience : a twenty-first-century constellation -- Still waiting to hear from derrida -- Pseudology : Derrida on Arendt and lying in politics -- The menace of consilience : keeping the disciplines unreconciled -- Can there be national philosophies in a transnational world? -- Straddling a watershed? -- Allons enfants de l'humanité : the French and human rights -- Intellectual family values : William Phillips, Hannah Arendt, and the Partisan review -- Still sleeping rough : Colin Wilson's the outsider at fifty.