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21The benefit/risk ratio challenge in clinical research, and the case of HIV cure: an introductionJournal of Medical Ethics 43 (2): 65-66. 2017.
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21Paying for antiretroviral adherence: is it unethical when the patient is an adolescent?Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (3): 145-149. 2017.
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134Reframing Consent for Clinical Research: A Function-Based ApproachAmerican Journal of Bioethics 17 (12): 3-11. 2017.Although informed consent is important in clinical research, questions persist regarding when it is necessary, what it requires, and how it should be obtained. The standard view in research ethics is that the function of informed consent is to respect individual autonomy. However, consent processes are multidimensional and serve other ethical functions as well. These functions deserve particular attention when barriers to consent exist. We argue that consent serves seven ethically important and …Read more
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21Vaccine testing for emerging infections: the case for individual randomisationJournal of Medical Ethics 43 (9): 625-631. 2017.
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198Is the Body Special? Review of Cécile Fabre, Whose Body is it Anyway? Justice and the Integrity of the Person: Nir EyalUtilitas 21 (2): 233-245. 2009.Both left libertarians, who support the redistribution of income and wealth through taxation, and right libertarians, who oppose redistributive taxation, share an important view: that, looming catastrophes aside, the state must never redistribute any part of our body or our person without our consent. Cécile Fabre rejects that view. For her, just as the undeservedly poor have a just claim to money from their fellow citizens in order to lead a minimally flourishing life, the undeservedly ‘medical…Read more
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10Grounding Public Reasons in Rationality: The Conditionally-Compassionate Medical Student and Other ChallengesThe Law and Ethics of Human Rights 6 (1). 2012.
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3Identified versus Statistical Victims. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. (edited book)Oxford University Press. 2015.
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17Grounding Public Reasons in Rationality: The Conditionally-Compassionate Medical Student and Other ChallengesLaw and Ethics of Human Rights 6 (1): 47-68. 2012.Gillian Hadfield and Stephen Macedo argue that late-Rawlsian stability for the right reasons, that is, stability based on participants’ reciprocal cooperation, can arise even if participants start out only economically rational and indifferent to justice. As they explain, even purely rational actors have an interest in having a neutral “shared logic” to coordinate decentralized enforcement of social cooperation and in internalizing that logic. Once developed and internalized, they add, that logi…Read more
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Poverty : poverty-reduction, incentives, and the brighter side of false needsIn Jesper Ryberg, Thomas S. Petersen & Clark Wolf (eds.), New Waves in Applied Ethics, Palgrave-macmillan. 2007.
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111Egalitarian justice and innocent choiceJournal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 2 (1): 1-19. 2006.This article argues that, in its standard formulation, luck-egalitarianism is false. In particular, I show that disadvantages that result from perfectly free choice can constitute egalitarian injustice. I also propose a modified formulation of luck-egalitarianism that would withstand my criticism. One merit of the modification is that it helps us to reconcile widespread intuitions about distributive justice with equally widespread intuitions about punitive justice.
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36Translational Research Beyond Approval: A Two-Stage Ethics ReviewAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 (8). 2010.Commentators on the ethics of translational research find it morally problematic. Types of translational research are said to involve questionable benefits, special risks, additional barriers to informed consent, and severe conflicts of interest. Translational research conducted on the global poor is thought to exploit them and increase international disparities. Some commentators support especially stringent ethical review. However, such concerns are grounded only in pre-approval translational …Read more
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45Reconciling informed consent with prescription drug requirementsJournal of Medical Ethics 38 (10): 589-591. 2012.
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25Afterword: returning to philosophical foundations in research ethicsJournal of Medical Ethics 43 (2): 132-133. 2017.
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1What is it like to be a bird? : Wikler and Brock on the ethics of population healthIn Ronald Michael Green, Aine Donovan & Steven A. Jauss (eds.), Global bioethics: issues of conscience for the twenty-first century, Oxford University Press. 2008.
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Poverty reduction and equality with strong incentives: the brighter side of false needsIn Ryberg Jesper & Petersen Thomas (eds.), New Waves in Applied Ethics, Palgrave. pp. 130--141. 2008.
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50Informed consent, the value of trust, and hedonsJournal of Medical Ethics 40 (7): 447-447. 2014.Sissela Bok's1 and Torbjörn Tännsjö's2 writings on trust and informed consent were sources of inspiration for my article.3 It is gratifying to have a chance to respond to their thoughtful comments.Bok concurs with my scepticism that the ‘trust-promotion argument for informed consent’ can successfully generate commonsense morality's full set of informed consent norms. But she finds that argument even more wanting, perhaps so wanting as to be unworthy of critical attention. What she seems to find …Read more
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53Nudges and Noodges: The Ethics of Health Promotion—New York StylePublic Health Ethics 6 (3). 2013.Michael Bloomberg's three terms in New York City's mayoral office are coming to a close. His model of governance for public health influenced cities and governments around the world. What should we make of that model? This essay introduces a symposium in which ethicists Sarah Conly, Roger Brownsword and Alex Rajczi discuss that legacy
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43The Diverse Ethics of Translational ResearchAmerican Journal of Bioethics 10 (8): 19-30. 2010.Commentators on the ethics of translational research find it morally problematic. Types of translational research are said to involve questionable benefits, special risks, additional barriers to informed consent, and severe conflicts of interest. Translational research conducted on the global poor is thought to exploit them and increase international disparities. Some commentators support especially stringent ethical review. However, such concerns are grounded only in pre-approval translational …Read more
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88Physician brain drain: Can nothing be done?Public Health Ethics 1 (2): 180-192. 2008.Next SectionAccess to medicines, vaccination and care in resource-poor settings is threatened by the emigration of physicians and other health workers. In entire regions of the developing world, low physician density exacerbates child and maternal mortality and hinders treatment of HIV/AIDS. This article invites philosophers to help identify ethical and effective responses to medical brain drain. It reviews existing proposals and their limitations. It makes a case that, in resource-poor countrie…Read more
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52Why Treat Noncompliant Patients? Beyond the Decent Minimum AccountJournal of Medicine and Philosophy 36 (6): 572-588. 2011.Patients’ medical conditions can result from their own avoidable risk taking. Some lung diseases result from avoidable smoking and some traffic accidents result from victims’ reckless driving. Although in many nonmedical areas we hold people responsible for taking risks they could avoid, it is normally harsh and inappropriate to deny patients care because they risked needing it. Why? A popular account is that protecting everyone’s "decent minimum," their basic needs, matters more than the benefi…Read more
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351‘Perhaps the most important primary good’: self-respect and Rawls’s principles of justicePolitics, Philosophy and Economics 4 (2): 195-219. 2005.The article begins by reconstructing the just distribution of the social bases of self-respect, a principle of justice that is covert in Rawls’s writing. I argue that, for Rawls, justice mandates that each social basis for self-respect be equalized. Curiously, for Rawls, that principle ranks higher than Rawls’s two more famous principles of justice - equal liberty and the difference principle. I then recall Rawls’s well-known confusion between self-respect and another form of self-appraisal, nam…Read more
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49Inequality in Political Philosophy and in Epidemiology: A RemarriageJournal of Applied Philosophy. 2018.In political philosophy and in economics, unfair inequality is usually assessed between individuals, nowadays often on luck-egalitarian grounds. You have more than I do and that's unfair. By contrast, in epidemiology and sociology, unfair inequality is traditionally assessed between groups. More is concentrated among people of your class or race than among people of mine, and that's unfair. I shall call this difference the egalitarian ‘divorce’. Epidemiologists, and their ‘divorce lawyers’ Paula…Read more
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19Two Kinds of To-Kind Benefits and Other Reasons Why Shared Vulnerability Can Keep Clinical Studies EthicalAmerican Journal of Bioethics 14 (12): 22-24. 2014.
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47Paternalism, French fries and the weak-willed WitnessJournal of Medical Ethics 40 (5): 353-354. 2014.Most books on ethics are boring. Against Autonomy 1 is fun to read because its helpful and profound points are made without a fuss. Author Sarah Conly is right that “when individuals engage in behavior that undercuts their own chances of happiness, state interference may be justified”.In what follows I argue that Conly misinterprets that thesis in three ways. First, she says that her paternalism seeks to “help people get where they want to go... live the lives they truly want to live”. That's a …Read more
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37Several contributions in this book tell of doctors' increasing emigration from developing countries where they are in critical shortage, especially from the underserved rural and public sectors of countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia. They point out the severe harm from that migration to some of the world's poorest and sickest populations who have no other doctors to turn to, and gain little from their emigration. Since significant harm to the badly off is bad, decline in that mi…Read more
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35Precommitting to Serve the UnderservedAmerican Journal of Bioethics 12 (5): 23-34. 2012.In many countries worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, a shortage of physicians limits the provision of lifesaving interventions. One existing strategy to increase the number of physicians in areas of critical shortage is conditioning medical school scholarships on a precommitment to work in medically underserved areas later. Current practice is usually to demand only one year of service for each year of funded studies. We show the effectiveness of scholarships conditional on such precom…Read more
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71Justice, luck, and knowledge, by Susan L. Hurley. Harvard university press, 2003. VIII + 341 pages (review)Economics and Philosophy 21 (1): 164-171. 2005.
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Harvard UniversityRegular Faculty
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
Areas of Interest
Normative Ethics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
17th/18th Century Philosophy |