X. Wang

"Kun Island Itsushi," a book, the image of women presented with Xiongfei for women on the one hand, be able to text and other male characteristics, on the one hand and women and traditional morality, this integration features dual image of women, in addition to the performance of the author Writing under the ideal male image of female expectations, but also reflects the legacy of the traditional patriarchal view. On the other hand, the book presents the two sexual relations, especially in marriage with two of the interaction, the authors emphasize Umazo saddle is noted for its clarity and Woo, women take the initiative, so humble husband respect his wife, revealing the authors' male-female relationships still looking for traditional thinking. In addition, the book's female protagonist does not appear a complete personality and character, the role of planar. For women without a complete description of the piece, the image of women showed a significant role as a male client, whether it is in order and morality, and sex are spun around her husband, not have their own place in the world. Women in this weightless, just a complete foil, the body is invisible. In "Kuen-Dao-I-She", the presentation of female image includes two aspects: one is that women possess the male qualities of masculinity and literacy, and at the meantime maintain the virtue that traditional women are supposed to embrace. This female image that combines a bi-sexual trait not only demonstrates the author's expectation of an ideal female image from a male writing's point of view, but also leaves a residue of traditional male viewpoint. On the other hand, the relation between the two sexes, especially the interaction of the two sexes and their marriages, was focused in a way that is equal to polygamy, yet husbands and wives live in perfect harmony, and women are very active in pursuing their happiness while husbands remain the more powerful one in marriage. These descriptions demonstrate the author's traditional ideas on man and woman relationships. In addition, the female leading character in this book does not show a complete personality and feature, the character itself is flat and stereotyped. The description of female is incomplete and fragmental, and the image of women is presented as an attachment to male, no matter how virtuous, talented and attractive they are. Their husbands are the center of their world, and they do not have a stage of their own. They are of little importance, nothing but a foil. Their bodies are invisible

Montaigne's Essays discuss the human condition and the way to live. His work represents an ideal of wisdom. Like Montaigne, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, representatives of Taoism, express similar concerns about the human condition. Both philosophies have a very similar concept of wisdom: ;Nature is treated as a quasi-divine entity that exists everywhere and controls everything, although it is invisible and inexpressible, and it represents at the same time diversity and unity; human reason is not an absolute means to truth due to the relativity of our knowledge; we should, therefore, reject dogmatism and accept tolerance; all excessive actions are harmful to human nature, and man should live in accord with the principle that moderation in everything is inseparable from human happiness; getting rid of unnecessary desires and passions and living in simplicity and solitude are the primary conditions of happiness; the realization of our internal self is the basis of the natural state of mind, which is also a state of spiritual harmony or interior liberty. ;The present study compares thematically Montaigne's wisdom to that of Taoism in a systematic format. It examines the concept of nature, the relativity of our knowledge, moderation, solitude, and self. The study adopts an analytical approach to these subjects through a close reading of Montaigne's text and those of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. ;In examining the parallels and resemblances between Montaigne's philosophy and Taoism, the study also points out their differences. Since Montaigne and Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu had different backgrounds and were from different centuries, some diversity of thought is inevitable. ;The study that aims at discovering West-East affinities on the concept of wisdom helps us to better understand the essence of Montaigne's philosophy and Taoism and the eternal questions they pose

Confucian thought starting point is the concern of social relationships, the goal is to establish social order to achieve the harmony of social relationships. Confucius, Mencius, who moderate view of the world, do not go to extremes, so the relationship between the individual and society is not a simple emphasis on one aspect, hoping to establish a harmonious relationship between the individual and society. Personal and social, private and public, conflict between themselves and others, as well as conflicts, Confucius, Mencius, choose the interests of society. Confucius and Mencius attached great importance to the establishment of social order the way, the way that social order should be established ceremony. Mencius on human nature is good starting from the proposed concentric theory that comply with "ceremony" is a person of conscience, self-conscious group of human behavior. Managers should set a good example of social context, to establish a sound mechanism of social enlightenment, in order to carry forward the inherent "four-terminal" of the heart, to promote members of the community spontaneously, and abide by social norms, in order to coordinate the individual and community, self and others, the relationship between private and public, to the social harmony of the situation

Weier Mo critical theory is an important representative of the second generation, his theory of Habermas thought Pullman shift exchanges. However, relative to post-modernism of Habermas's overall negative stance, Weier Mo believes that post-modernity is the result of self-development of modernity, postmodernism is modernism of the internal criticism and thorough. Modernity and post-modernity is not simply between the antagonistic relationship, but rather interdependent and intertwined dialectical relationship. This paper attempts to explain Weier Mo modernity and post-modern reconstruction of the logic of dialectics, of Weier Mo between thought and Habermas intrinsic critical thinking, this relationship can be critical within the meaning and truth, democracy and political to start a new understanding of the relationship

Marx's analysis of philosophy and the relationship between the social and historical conditions, based on the philosophy of abandoning an independent, and to establish a task analysis of real social contradictions of the new materialism. This new materialist analysis of social conflicts based on the real realization of each person's freedom to seek, and use it as a philosophical subject of study. According to this philosophy, the study of philosophy is from the "earth up to heaven," rather than "down to earth from heaven", so as to achieve real unity and transcendence. Marx's each person's freedom beyond the core proposition contains the unity and reality, to solve it from the relationship between man and nature, from the relationship between the human and social, from the relationship between man and his own three in starting to explore the idea of combining the freedom of each person must resolve conflicts. On the foundation of analyzing the relation of philosophy and social condition, Karl Marx "aufheben" the independent philosophy, and established a new materialism which aimed at analyzing the actual social contradiction. By analyzing the actual social contradiction, the new materialism seeks to realize freedom of each people, makes it the theme of its philosophical research. According to this view about philosophy, philosophical research is to "begin with the earth and up to the heaven", and not "begin with the earth and down to the earth", and to unite the reality and the transcendent. Karl Marx's core proposition of the realization of freedom of each people implies the unity of the reality and the transcendent, and tries to analyze the contradiction which every people faces from three united perspectives: the relation of man and nature, the relation of man and society and the relation of man and himself

The combination of moral and political traditional Chinese political culture is a major feature, so that China's traditional political Dehua is called political or ethical politics. Advocates should be given from Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong summarized the history, the relationship between the moral and political issues, also followed such a principle of historicism: his successor, while the traditional Chinese virtue, but also in exploring for beyond this tradition in Chinese political culture, from traditional to modern conversion process, Mao Zedong's unique new rule of virtue. The integration of politics and morals featured Chinese traditional political culture, and Chinese traditional politics was called moral-oriented politics. Mao Zedong, who proposed the history from Confucius to Sun Zhongshan should be concluded objectively, kept such a historical principle in the relationship of politics and morals: he inherited the tradition on one hand, but tried to transcended it on the other hand. As a result, Mao Zedong's thoughts on it had its unique characteristic in the transferring of Chinese political culture from the traditional to the modern

"Elephant" is Zhang Zai important concept in philosophy, there are images and the heart as two connotations. Images that "gas"-shaped appear under the form of sensory objects, including not only physical, but also the invisible elephant. Heart Like that "gas" in the form of manifestation of consciousness, as thought objects, including the content in the virtual sense, science and other metaphysical concepts. Images as the same thing with the heart as "gas" appear in two different ways, are "air" of the "elephant", which unified the shape and form on the next, is to understand Zhang Zai "Gas" On the philosophy of the key hub, with profound theoretical significance

McKinsey Axiom is the modal formula LMA $\to$ MLA which has some elusive semantic properties. The canonicity and compactness of the axiom are the problems historically important in the development of our understanding of intensional logic. These problems, however, were unsolved for years in modal logic. Recently, Robert Goldblatt showed that the McKinsey Axiom is not canonical. Then the remaining task is to solve the problem of the compactness of the axiom. The major result in this dissertation is a proof in S 4 showing that the McKinsey Axiom is not compact. The dissertation also contains a variation of Goldblatt's proof and a demonstration that the model constructed by Goldblatt for showing that the McKinsey Axiom is not canonical is not suitable for showing that the McKinsey Axiom is not compact

The dissertation is a critique of postmodernism and poststructuralism. I argue that these theories are not subversive of late capitalism but symptomatic of it. There is a "structural affinity" between Saussure's linguistics, which postmodernism and poststructuralism draw heavily upon, and the operation of the market. Commodities have a self-referential relationship among themselves--the exchange value of each commodity is determined by its relationship with other commodities independently of human needs and use-values. Similarly, signifiers have a self-referential relationship among themselves--the meaning of each signifier is determined by its relationship with other signifiers independently of the signified and referent. The postmodernist and poststructuralist polemic against the German critical tradition from Hegel to Marx is another sign of the congruity between postmodernism/poststructuralism and late capitalism. In the philosophical history of modernity, the German critical tradition has been a counter position against the modern paradigm as founded upon British empiricism. This tradition is now systematically attacked by postmodernism and poststructuralism. Derrida substitutes a self-referential sign for Husserl's transcendental consciousness; Kristeva transforms Hegel's dialectical into her "signifying process" and in so doing has the body put the mind on trial; and Baudrillard changes Marx's "natural needs" from a category of value into a category of fact, and therefore concludes that this category is untenable. To interrogate postmodernism and poststructuralism in a longer historical perspective, I examine the conceptual foundation of modernity from Descartes onward. I argue that the modern self is not transcendental but sensuous, and that the problematics of modernity do not converge on the "metaphysics of presence," but on solipsism, on the incommutability of sensuous experience from one self to another, and finally on the necessity to resort to commerce of self-interest to maintain human connection

This thesis aims at suggesting a possible way for virtue ethics to explain moral motivation. If this attempt is successful, it will turn out that in this respect virtue ethics, or a certain version of it, is better than other types of ethical theories. ;After showing that various theories about moral motivation, or the rationality of morality, are far from satisfactory, I proceed, by discussing and defending virtue ethics, to sketch a new framework of understanding and solving the problem of moral motivation. ;Virtue ethics was popular in ancient Greece and China, but until quite recently it had been ignored mainly because it was, and still is, perceived to be conceptually obscure and metaphysically incongruous with contemporary science. Against this perception I argue that virtue ethics can be naturalized via the ideal observer theory , and that virtues can be best understood as character traits that ideal observers would admire or desire. ;One consequence of this is the disappearance of the "unscientific" metaphysical underpinnings that make many people balk at taking virtue ethics seriously. A more important consequence is that in the naturalized virtue ethics being virtuous is part of one's well-being, whatever theory of individual welfare we adopt, and so Sidgwick's "profoundest question" in ethics is no longer difficult to answer from the viewpoint of virtue ethics

Family-owned family business organization, ownership and management rights of the high degree of unity among the members of the family business and the psychological contract costs relatively low cost of business operations; the interests of consistency, so that family members have a natural cohesion, the business-to- sensitive to changes in the external environment, expansion of sufficient power, decision-making responsive. But also the family business is often difficult to overcome the impact of family intervention and accurate business decisions, financial constraints affecting the development scale, long-term management of the patriarchal system to the exclusion of talented people to join other defects. Further development of family business, family organization must have a big breakthrough, a family-effective integration of social capital to financial capital and human capital, and gradually realize the socialization of the family business. The familial organizational form of the family corporation has many characteristics. On one hand, it has a high unity of the property and management rights, which makes a relative low cost of the psychological contract, and a low cost of the corporate operations among the members of the family corporation. On the other hand, it has an accordance of the benefit which makes the members of the family corporation possess a natural cohesion, and which makes the corporation become sensitive to the development of the outside environment, and has an ample expansion momentum, and can make a quick reaction. But meanwhile the familial organizational form would make corporation reject the outstanding managers and technicians

China's state-owned enterprises to enter into a critical stage of reform. Government reform of state-owned enterprises mainly in the leading role in determining the direction of state-owned enterprise reform and development, processes and models; government reform and development in the state-owned enterprises play an agent, the dual principal role is to rationalize the management system of state-owned enterprises an important part; in different types of state-owned enterprise reform in government responsibilities are not the same; government should deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises to create good administrative, economic, market, legal and other objective circumstances. The state-owned enterprises clout country have entered into the key stage of reform. Government's leading role in the SOE reform shows mainly in determining the direction, process and mode of reform and development of state-owned enterprises. The double role of the agent, and client the government acts as in the reform and development of state-owned enterprise is an important link of straightening the management system of state-owned enterprises. The responsibility which the government bears is not the same in different kinds of SOE reforms. The government wants to create such objective environments as good administration, economy, market and law etc. for deep reform of the state-owned enterprises

Economic nationalism is on the early history of American foreign economic policy of the state have a significant impact on one's ideas. In the beginning of statehood with the United States produce the conditions of economic nationalism, some representatives of the founding fathers of economic nationalist tendencies of thought, economic nationalism embodied in the founding era of the basic spirit of the existence of its legitimacy, which in 1812 laid the After the foundation of this rising trend. Economic nationalism in line with the interests of the United States at that time, and gradually formed a great impact on the U.S. economy protectionist tradition. The economic nationalism was one of thought trends which had a great influence on US foreign economic policies in the early American history. Author believes that the United States had environments to produce the economic nationalism in the early days of the New Republic. He analyses the thoughts of some founding fathers which implied the economic nationalism for the purpose of showing the rationality of the basic spirit to be embodied in the economic nationalism. The spirit finally led to the rise of the economic nationalism in the United States after 1812. The economic nationalism was in accordance with the need of American interests at that time and formed gradually a protectionist tradition which had a great effect on the development of American economy in the long period

Religious life in patients with mental illness play an important role. Religious people tend to show a pattern characteristic of intuitive thinking. This kind of thinking is the result of bias hypothesis and group / group, bias. Religious positive effect on the performance of psychotherapy can provide a positive religious coping strategies; religion also provides an alternative attachment; religions advocate forgiveness, helps to regulate mood and behavior. Religious bias and prejudice resulting from cognitive psychology will affect the course of treatment, and religion would become one of the reasons leading to mental illness, negative effects of religion are also reflected in the external control of religion, which advocates freedom to explore the psychological treatment and contradicts the principles of self-development. Counselors and mental illness in religious differences mainly reflected in the attitude towards religion and coping, is leading to potential conflicts between the two root causes. Mental health practitioners and the need for religion and its relationship psychotherapy re-understanding. Religious beliefs play an important role in clients' life. Religious individuals are likely to use heuristics to form rapid judgment, which results in confirmatory and in-group/out-group biases. Religious beliefs provide order and understanding to a chaotic and unpredictable world. Many religions advocate forgiveness which is helpful in deal with conflicts. In addition, religion provides ever-present spiritual attachment figure. The negative effect is that religions promote an external locus of control, while mental health professions are based on free inquiry and self development. The coping style and attitude to religion are the difference between clients and psychiatrists, which is the main fact that causes possible conflicts between them. Psychiatrists should re-understand religion and its relation with psychotherapy to help resolving clients' problems

"One country two systems" great strategic thinking, Deng Xiaoping Theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, an important part. It was first proposed from the settlement of the Taiwan question, but first of all in solving the issue of Hong Kong a success. Article outlines the Deng Xiaoping's "one country two systems" great strategic concept formation; demonstrated strategic vision to address this great return of Hong Kong, maintain Hong Kong's prosperity and stability issues played a significant role; that this shining example of final settlement of the Chinese people Taiwan, reunification of the motherland to show a bright future

Feminist theory suggests that the female body is a physical difference between the concentrated expression of place and identity, the body of feminist writing is intended to reflect the female experience and the true intent of the conflict in the mainstream of physical survival of a state of tension. The rise in the 1990s China's female body art inherited the Chinese female body art history will be female body objectification of discourse structure, and import modern body writing the traditional liberation discourse, and thus with the male-centered discourse "conspiracy", the female female body Further objects, it will be classified as feminist writing is a misreading of the body, feminist writing should firmly grasp the female body really experience the basic elements of the party in order to achieve a true expression of women and female voice. Feminist body theorists have regarded female body as the symbol of representations of difference and identity. "Writing on the Female Body" explores the tensions between women's lived bodily experiences and the cultural meanings inscribed on the female body. China's contemporary body writings turn the female body to object in a further way in which they follow the old Chinese way of female body writing, and inflow into the modem body writing tradition. These kinds of writings must be a mistaken way of Female "writing on the body" in which women's lived bodily experiences have been given greatest attention

Following World War II Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals after the success of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the international ad hoc criminal tribunals has successfully tried a non-international armed conflict constitutes a war crime. The international community in establishing the International Criminal Court, "the Rome Statute," the negotiation process, based on norms of war and armed conflict, customary international legal documents and international criminal justice practice, try and include non-international armed conflict under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court for war crimes become part of the country, "the Rome Statute," one of the reasons to vote against. In fact, the United Nations Security Council and in accordance with relevant international organizations, "UN Charter" provides an accurate definition of non-international armed conflicts, and strictly control the standards and rules of law applicable to non-international armed conflict as a war crime into the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court differences should not lead to more internal. Since both Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals successfully prosecuted War Criminals after World War Two, both ICTY and ICTR successfully trialed war crimes in their non-international aimed conflict forms as well. During the negotiation of Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court, the international community tried to include non-international aimed conflict into war crimes within the ICC Jurisdiction, which led to certain states refuse to sign or ratify Rome Statute. However, if the UN Security Council and other international organs could follow the UN Charter to define the non- international armed conflict rigorously, as well as strictly apply the relative criterions, there would be not much disputes on seeing non-international armed conflict as war crimes covered by ICC jurisdiction