Francis X. Remedios

As a problem for science studies, the commercialization of scientific knowledge is characterized as whether scientific knowledge is a public good, like health care and education, or a positional good, a good whose value allows for exclusion to clients, the opposite of a public good (Callon 1994; Mirowski and Sent 2007). Mirowski and Sent (2007) have highlighted the problem of the commercialization and privatization of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, Mirowski (2009) avers that the commercialization of scientific knowledge is the apotheosis of a neoliberal program to promote and to construct free markets as the central condition of success of the neoliberal agenda. Mirowski argues that the problem of commercialization of scientific knowledge is that scientific knowledge is being transformed from a public good to a positional good. A further argument from Mirowski (2009b) is that science has been harmed by its commercialization.