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Applying ethical theories to the decision-making of self-driving vehicles: A systematic review and integration of the literatureTechnology in Society. forthcoming.Self-driving vehicles will need to make decisions that carry ethical dimensions and manufacturers have (the responsibility) to pre-determine this underlying, deliberate decision-making process. With the rise of self-driving vehicles, scholars have simultaneously started investigating what ethical theories should guide machine behavior, but have not concluded as to which theory should be preferred and adopted. We aim to address this matter by providing a holistic and analytical review of the auto…Read more
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91Order Ethics: An Ethical Framework for the Social Market Economy (edited book)Springer. 2016.This book examines the theoretical foundations of order ethics and discusses business ethics problems from an order ethics perspective. Order ethics focuses on the social order and the institutional environment in which individuals interact. It is a well-established paradigm in European business ethics. The book contains articles written by leading experts in the field and provides both a concise introduction to order ethics and short summary articles homing in on specific aspects of the order-…Read more
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12Toward organizational integrity measurement: Developing a theoretical model of organizational integrityBusiness and Society Review 128 (3): 417-435. 2023.Organizational integrity is a key concept with and through which a company can assume its responsibility for ethical and societal issues. It is a basic premise for sustainable corporate success, as ethical risks ultimately become economic risks for a company. Recent research shows the potential of integrity‐based governance models to reduce corporate risks and to improve business performance. However, companies are not yet able to assess nor evaluate their level of organizational integrity in a …Read more
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44Responsibility, Order Ethics, and Group AgencyArchiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 100 (2): 176-186. 2014.Those who invoke the notion of moral responsibility in ethical discourse seem to be faced with a dilemma. Apparently, they either have to violate the “control principle” which says that nobody can be held responsible for what is beyond one's control. Or they have to concede that in many cases there is a “responsibility void” which means that nobody is responsible. The first option seems unjustifiable. The second renders the concept of moral responsibility useless. This dilemma may be taken to su…Read more
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601Popper als EthikerAllgemeine Zeitschrift für Philosophie 26 (2): 149-162. 2001.Karl Popper hat eine Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie, eine Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften, eine Sozialphilosophie, eine Philosophie des Geistes und sogar Beiträge zur Ästhetik geliefert. Lediglich eine Ethik fehlt, was bei Popper, der sich immer als Philosoph der Aufklärung bezeichnete, doch etwas erstaunt. Ich werde versuchen, Elemente einer solchen Ethik zu rekonstruieren. Karl Poppers Beiträge zur Ethik sind relativ wenig bekannt. Dies dürfte vor allem daran liegen, dass sich kein…Read more
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7Reflections on Floridi’s »The Green and the Blue: A New Political Ontology for a Mature Information Society«In Luciano Floridi & Jörg Noller (eds.), The Green and the Blue: Digital Politics in Philosophical Discussion, Verlag Karl Alber. pp. 125-138. 2022.
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10Reflections on Floridi’s “The Green and the Blue: A New Political Ontology for a Mature Information Society”In Thomas Buchheim, Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Lutz-Bachmann, Isabelle Mandrella, Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer & Wilhelm Vossenkuhl (eds.), Philosophisches Jahrbuch, Verlag Karl Alber. pp. 135-145. 2021.
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28AI Ethics in Higher Education: Insights from Africa and Beyond (edited book)Springer Verlag. 2023.This open access book tackles the pressing problem of integrating concerns related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics into higher education curriculums aimed at future AI developers in Africa and beyond. For doing so, it analyzes the present and future states of AI ethics education in local computer science and engineering programs. The authors share relevant best practices and use cases for teaching, develop answers to ongoing organizational challenges, and reflect on the practical implicat…Read more
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15Reflections on Floridi’s “The Green and the Blue: A New Political Ontology for a Mature Information Society”Philosophisches Jahrbuch 128 (1): 135-145. 2021.
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8Moralische Mehrwerte und soziale StabilitätArchiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 94 (3): 384-402. 2008.This article discusses the question whether modern societies require some kind of a social glue in order to remain stable. This social glue (termed the ‘moral surplus’) is regarded as a moral capacity or capability which goes beyond the individual quest for advantages and benefits. Four positions in contemporary social philosophy which postulate a moral surplus are discussed and criticized: J. Habermas, J. Rawls, D. Gauthier and K. Binmore. The conception of order ethics is outlined as an altern…Read more
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15The conception of organizational integrity: A derivation from the individual level using a virtue‐based approachBusiness Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (S1): 25-33. 2023.This paper extends previous attempts at understanding the nature of organizational integrity and its increasingly important role for companies which, after all, bear a moral and societal responsibility. Interpretations of organizational integrity in business ethics literature incorporate aspects ranging from the behavior of managers and employees to corporate structures and incentive systems. We argue that virtue ethics builds an indispensable framework for understanding the origin of the concep…Read more
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291The German Act on Autonomous Driving: Why Ethics Still MattersPhilosophy and Technology 35 (2): 1-13. 2022.The German Act on Autonomous Driving constitutes the first national framework on level four autonomous vehicles and has received attention from policy makers, AI ethics scholars and legal experts in autonomous driving. Owing to Germany’s role as a global hub for car manufacturing, the following paper sheds light on the act’s position within the ethical discourse and how it reconfigures the balance between legislation and ethical frameworks. Specifically, in this paper, we highlight areas that ne…Read more
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74Ethics of AI-Enabled Recruiting and Selection: A Review and Research AgendaJournal of Business Ethics 178 (4): 977-1007. 2022.Companies increasingly deploy artificial intelligence technologies in their personnel recruiting and selection process to streamline it, making it faster and more efficient. AI applications can be found in various stages of recruiting, such as writing job ads, screening of applicant resumes, and analyzing video interviews via face recognition software. As these new technologies significantly impact people’s lives and careers but often trigger ethical concerns, the ethicality of these AI applicat…Read more
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593AI4People—an ethical framework for a good AI society: opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendationsMinds and Machines 28 (4): 689-707. 2018.This article reports the findings of AI4People, an Atomium—EISMD initiative designed to lay the foundations for a “Good AI Society”. We introduce the core opportunities and risks of AI for society; present a synthesis of five ethical principles that should undergird its development and adoption; and offer 20 concrete recommendations—to assess, to develop, to incentivise, and to support good AI—which in some cases may be undertaken directly by national or supranational policy makers, while in oth…Read more
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337Key ethical challenges in the European Medical Information FrameworkMinds and Machines 29 (3): 355-371. 2019.The European Medical Information Framework project, funded through the IMI programme, has designed and implemented a federated platform to connect health data from a variety of sources across Europe, to facilitate large scale clinical and life sciences research. It enables approved users to analyse securely multiple, diverse, data via a single portal, thereby mediating research opportunities across a large quantity of research data. EMIF developed a code of practice to ensure the privacy protect…Read more
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67Autonomous Driving Ethics: from Trolley Problem to Ethics of RiskPhilosophy and Technology 34 (4): 1033-1055. 2021.In 2017, the German ethics commission for automated and connected driving released 20 ethical guidelines for autonomous vehicles. It is now up to the research and industrial sectors to enhance the development of autonomous vehicles based on such guidelines. In the current state of the art, we find studies on how ethical theories can be integrated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no framework for motion planning has yet been published which allows for the true implementation of any practic…Read more
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3Reflecting the Impact of Ethical Theory: Contractarianism, Ethics and Economics: Civilising the barbarians? On the apparent necessity of moral surplusesIn Jesús Conill Sancho, Christoph Luetge & Tatjana Schó̈nwälder-Kuntze (eds.), Corporate Citizenship, Contractarianism and Ethical Theory: On Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics, Ashgate Pub. Company. 2008.
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26Programming Away Human Rights and Responsibilities? “The Moral Machine Experiment” and the Need for a More “Humane” AV FutureNanoEthics 14 (3): 285-299. 2020.Dilemma situations involving the choice of which human life to save in the case of unavoidable accidents are expected to arise only rarely in the context of autonomous vehicles. Nonetheless, the scientific community has devoted significant attention to finding appropriate and acceptable automated decisions in the event that AVs or drivers of AVs were indeed to face such situations. Awad and colleagues, in their now famous paper “The Moral Machine Experiment”, used a “multilingual online ‘serious…Read more
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11The Honorable Merchant and the Corporate Social Responsibility MovementIn Christoph Strosetzki & Christoph Lütge (eds.), The Honorable Merchant – Between Modesty and Risk-Taking: Intercultural and Literary Aspects, Springer Verlag. pp. 19-28. 2019.The Honorable Merchant as an ideal of business ethics has a long-standing tradition. However, this ideal focusses a lot on the individual person and less on situational conditions, constraints and incentives under which people act. The Order Ethics approach helps conceptualize and justify why business ethics for the globalized market economy might shift this focus and put situational conditions on top of the agenda. This holds within companies as well: Instead of insisting on the ideal of the ho…Read more
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16Competition and EthicsProceedings of the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy 49 41-46. 2018.“Competition” is a concept which many ethicists cast a skeptical eye on. Often, it is associated with the erosion of values and morality under competitive pressure, with “marketization” or with commercialization. I will shed a differentiated light on this concept, both from an economic, an ethical and an intercultural point of view. Competition, after all, can be instrumental for ethical goals.
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17Naturalized Philosophy of Science and Economic MethodThe Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 37 165-179. 1998.This paper draws a connection between recent developments in naturalized philosophy of science and in economics. Social epistemology is one part of the naturalistic enterprise that has become especially important. Some approaches in this field use methods borrowed from economics, a fact that has often been overlooked. But there are also genuinely economic approaches to the problems of science and knowledge. Some of these approaches can be seen as contributions to an "economic epistemology." Whil…Read more
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15Teaching Business Ethics with ExperimentsJournal of Business Ethics Education 15 203-217. 2018.Teaching experiments are valuable when it comes to sensitizing students for business ethics that addresses the behavior of agents in modern societies. Many students are coined by the often predominantly individualistic ethical reasoning that they are accustomed to from their living environments. In our classes, we confront them with the volatility of their own ethical behavior by the use of experiments that ideally work with real incentives. We believe experiments to be a powerful tool not only …Read more
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6The Idea of Justice in Literature (edited book)Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. 2018.The theme arises from the legal-academic movement "Law and Literature". This newly developed field should aim at two major goals, first, to investigate the meaning of law in a social context by questioning how the characters appearing in literary works understand and behave themselves to the law, and second, to find out a theoretical solution of the methodological question whether and to what extent the legal text can be interpreted objectively in comparison with the question how literary works …Read more
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7The Praxis of Diversity (edited book)Springer Verlag. 2019.This edited collection brings together experts from various disciplines to engage critically with diversity theory, diversity politics, and their practical application. Accordingly, the volume provides a provocative discursive space, where the key theoretical as well as practical problems of diversity in business, institutions and culture can speak to each other and can be assessed. The aim is to bridge the gap between two relatively distinct discourses: the discourse on practical applications o…Read more
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35Chances, Problems, and Limits of Experimental EthicsIn Christoph Lütge, Hannes Rusch & Matthias Uhl (eds.), Experimental Ethics: Toward an Empirical Moral Philosophy, Palgrave-macmillan. pp. 26-37. 2014.Throughout its age-old tradition, philosophy has continuously been presented with new challenges. The latest one in this series comes from the experimental disciplines and their methodology: experimental philosophy has, during the last 10 to 15 years, increasingly gained reputation, and it has certainly been a controversial issue. Within this movement, the field of ethics deserves more attention. This article aims to give not a complete overview of, but at least an introduction to, the newly ris…Read more
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29The Honorable Merchant – Between Modesty and Risk-Taking: Intercultural and Literary Aspects (edited book)Springer Verlag. 2019.This volume explores the concept of the honest merchant, taking a broad perspective and covering a wide range of aspects. It looks at the different types of “honest merchant” conceptions originating from different cultures and literary traditions. The book covers Japanese, Islamic, Scandinavian, Russian, German, Spanish, as well as other aspects, and studies different disciplinary backgrounds of the honest merchant, such as philosophical, economic, neuroethical, sociological and literary ones. T…Read more
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The Honorable Merchant and the Corporate Social Responsibility MovementIn Christoph Strosetzki & Christoph Lütge (eds.), The Honorable Merchant – Between Modesty and Risk-Taking: Intercultural and Literary Aspects, Springer Verlag. 2019.
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Deliberation and Decision: Economics, Constitutional Theory and Deliberative Democracy (edited book)Ashgate. 2004.Deliberation and Decision explores ways of bridging the gap between two rival approaches to theorizing about democratic institutions: constitutional economics on the one hand and deliberative democracy on the other. The two approaches offer very different accounts of the functioning and legitimacy of democratic institutions. Although both highlight the importance of democratic consent, their accounts of such consent could hardly be more different. Constitutional economics models individuals as s…Read more
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198The German Ethics Code for Automated and Connected DrivingPhilosophy and Technology 30 (4): 547-558. 2017.The ethics of autonomous cars and automated driving have been a subject of discussion in research for a number of years :28–58, 2016). As levels of automation progress, with partially automated driving already becoming standard in new cars from a number of manufacturers, the question of ethical and legal standards becomes virulent. For exam-ple, while automated and autonomous cars, being equipped with appropriate detection sensors, processors, and intelligent mapping material, have a chance of b…Read more
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Oekonomische und sozialethische Bildung als Garant der Sozialen MarktwirtschaftIn M. Spieker (ed.), Oekonomische Bildung, Zwischen Pluralismus und Lobbyismus, Wochenschau Verlag. 2015.Zunächst einmal möchten wir klären, was der Begriff ökonomischer Bildung umfasst, um in einem zweiten Schritt klären zu können, welche Teilaspekte von ökonomischer Bildung möglicherweise verbindlich gelehrt werden sollten – und welche Teilaspekte etwa auch nur Teil von Spezialausbildungen sein könnten. Wir werden dabei zu dem Schluss kommen, dass vor allem die Politische Ökonomie – also ein Fach, das einen Schwerpunkt auf ordnungsökonomische und ordnungsethische Problemstellungen legt – ein Kan…Read more
Munich, Bavaria, Germany