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255Convergent Realism and Its RivalsCredo New (3): 1-27. 2012.CONVERGENT REALISM AND ITS RIVALS (joining the realism-antirealism debates in modern Western philosophy of science). Rinat M. Nugayev, Kazan branch of Russian University of Cooperation. Abstract. Arguments pro and contra convergent realism are considered. It is argued that to meet the antirealist challenges convergent realism meta-programme hard core should be modified significantly . However well-known rivals of structural realism – entity realism (N. Cartwright and I. Hacking) and structural…Read more
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244It is contended that to construct a social theory capable to comprehend the Russian Modernization one has to broaden first and foremost the conceptual basis of research. The basic element lacking in the orthodox Marxist conceptual scheme is the notion of ‘social unconsciousness’. It is demonstrated that Slavoj Zizek’s works represent the most ingenious fusion of post-structuralism, psychoanalysis and Marxism that treats the ability to disclose social contradictions. It is shown that the adequ…Read more
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228Lakatosian Methodology of Rival Research Programmes in EconomicsIn Ildar Talip-Uli Nasretdinoff (ed.), The Problems of Cooperation.Moscow: Russian University of Cooperation, . pp. 332-336. 2010.Pros and contras of Lakatosian epistemological theory-change model in respect to economics are considered. It is argued that one of the main shortcomings of the model is connected in its inability to treat the social factors.
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227The Growth of Knowledge in Social Science and HumanitiesVoprosi Filosofii (The Problems of Philosophy) (8): 58-69. 2007.Criteria of the growth of knowledge proposed in modern philosophy of science are considered. It is argued that the model of growth that fits the peculiarities of social sciences&humanities is provided by the methodology of scientific research programmes. Yet one has to correct some drawbacks. The author concludes that the real growth of knowledge consists in the growth of causal explanations and in the corresponding growth of empirical content of the theories from superseeding scientific resear…Read more
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222Origin and Resolution of Theory-Choice Situations in Modern Theory of gravityMethodology and Science 20 (4): 177-197. 1987.A methodological model of origin and settlement of theory-choice situations (previously tried on the theories of Einstein and Lorentz in electrodynamics) is applied to modern Theory of Gravity. The process of origin and growth of empirically-equivalent relativistic theories of gravitation is theoretically reproduced. It is argued that all of them are proposed within the two rival research programmes – (1) metric (A. Einstein et al.) and (2) nonmetric (H. Poincare et al.). Each programme aims at …Read more
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221Special Relativity as a Stage in the Development of Quantum Theory: A New Outlook of Scientific RevolutionHistoria Scientiarum (34): 57-79. 1988.To comprehend the special relativity genesis, one should unfold Einstein’s activities in quantum theory first . His victory upon Lorentz’s approach can only be understood in the wider context of a general programme of unification of classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics, with relativity and quantum theory being merely its subprogrammes. Because of the lack of quantum facets in Lorentz’s theory, Einstein’s programme, which seems to surpass the Lorentz’s one, was widely accepted as soo…Read more
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219A review of Rinat M.Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Mature Theory Change: A Theory-Change Model" (review)Centaurus 43 (2): 132-133. 2001.The aim of this book, written by a researcher at the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, is to examine how and why theories change in science. Nugayev’s analysis, and his many examples, are confined to mathematically formalized theories of physics. Nugayev’s ideas are inspired by, and relate to, Russian scholars. His approach is primarily philosophical and clearly in the analytical tradition of Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend, Stegmuller and others. Although Nugayev’s book is primarily addressed to…Read more
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215Copernican Revolution: Unification of Mundane Physics with Mathematics of the Skies (edited book)Logos: Innovative Technologies Publishing House. 2012.What were the reasons of the Copernican Revolution ? How did modern science (created by a bunch of ambitious intellectuals) manage to force out the old one created by Aristotle and Ptolemy, rooted in millennial traditions and strongly supported by the Church? What deep internal causes and strong social movements took part in the genesis, development and victory of modern science? The author comes to a new picture of Copernican Revolution on the basis of the elaborated model of scientific revolut…Read more
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215The Marginalist Revolution in Economics of XXth Century Beginning: Intertheoretic ApproachIn Ildar Talip-uli Nasretdinoff (ed.), The Problems of Cooperation, . pp. 284-286. 2012.What are the reasons of theory change in economical science? – The author tries to answer the question utilizing his theory change epistemological model approbated on the natural sciences. Key words: economical theory, theory change, natural science, model.
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214Review of Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change" (review)Philosophskie Nauki (Philosophical Sciences) (7): 123-124. 1990.Nugayev’s book is one of the first Soviet monographs treating the theory change problem. The gist of epistemological model consists in consequent account of intertheoretical relations. His book is based on the works of Soviet authors, as well as on Western studies (K.R. Popper, T.S. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, P. Feyerabend et al.) Key words: epistemological model, Soviet philosophy, Western studies
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212A Simple Theory-Change ModelEpistemologia 21 (2): 245-280. 1998.A comprehensible model is proposed aimed at an analysis of the reasons for theory change in science. According to model the origins of scientific revolutions lie not in a clash of fundamental theories with facts, but of “old” fundamental theories with each other, leading to contradictions that can only be eliminated in a more general theory. The model is illustrated with reference to physics in the early 20th century, the three “old” theories in this case being Maxwellian electrodynamics, statis…Read more
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199Why did Maxwell's programme supersede Ampere-Weber's?PhilSci Archive. 2014.Maxwell’s programme did supersede the Ampere-Weber one because it did assimilate some ideas of the Ampere-Weber programme, as well as the presuppositions of the programmes of Young-Fresnel and Faraday. But the opposite proposition is not true. Ampere-Weber programme did not assimilate the propositions of the Maxwellian programme. Maxwell’s victory over his rivals became possible because the core of Maxwell’s unification strategy was formed by Kantian epistemology looked through the prism of Will…Read more
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192Review of Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change" (review)Physis (3): 924-925. 1994.This book is a monograph aimed at an analysis of the reasons for fundamental theory change in science. The book was written and published in the last years of the Soviet Union, this fact explains the ‘dialectico-materialistic’ terminology used by the author.
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180The Second Scientific Revolution: Genesis and Advancement of Non-Classical ScienceTriumph Publishers. 2023.What were the true reasons of the second scientific revolution? – To answer the question, the epistemic model is applied, according to which radical breakthroughs in science were not due to the fanciful excogitation of new ideas ‘ex nihilo’, but rather to the tedious, long-term and troublesome processes of the mutual lapping, reconciliation, interpenetration and intertwinement of ‘old’ research traditions preceding such breaks. It is contended that Einstein's 'annus mirabilis' constituted…Read more
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180Origin of Scientific Revolutions. A review of Nigayev's book "Reconstruction of Mature Theory Change: A Theory-Change Model" (review)Science and Public Policy 148-149. 2001.In this book, Nugayev makes a clear case against Kuhnian and Lakatosian models. For him the origin of scientific revolutions lies in the clash of theories which are already mature and have triumphed in their respective spheres of action.
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173Review of Nugayev's book "REconstruction of Mature Theory Change: A Theory-Change Model" (review)Appraisal 3 (1): 49. 2000.The book addresses the question of what are the routes and mechanisms of the theory-change process in science at the level when the change involves the calling in question of a mature theory, i.e. one which has been accepted as accounting very well for a large range of experimental phenomenon.
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168Dirac’s Refined Unification of Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity: An Intertheoretic ContextTeorie Vědy / Theory of Science 44 (1): 37-57. 2022.One of the key episodes of history of modern physics – Paul Dirac’s startling contrivance of the relativistic theory of the electron – is elicited in the context of lucid epistemological model of mature theory change. The peculiar character of Dirac’s synthesis of special relativity and quantum mechanics is revealed by comparison with Einstein’s sophisticated methodology of the General Relativity contrivance. The subtle structure of Dirac’s scientific research program and first and foremost the …Read more
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166Einstein's Scientific Revolution (1898-1915): interdisciplinary Context (edited book)Logos: Innovative Technologies Center. 2010.What are the reasons of the second scientific revolution that happened at the beginning of the XX century? Why did the new physics supersede the old one? The author tries to answer the subtle questions with a help of the epistemological model of scientific revolutions that takes into account some recent advances in philosophy, sociology and history of science. According to the model, Einstein’s Revolution took place due to resolution of deep contradictions between the basic classical research t…Read more
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163Review of Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change" (review)LLULL Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de Las Ciencias y de Las Tecnicas 17 (32). 1994.A comprehensible model is proposed aimed at an analysis of the reasons for theory change in science. According to model the origins of scientific revolutions lie not in a clash of fundamental theories with facts, but of “old” research traditions with each other, leading to contradictions that can only be eliminated in a more general theory. The model is illustrated with reference to physics in the early 20th century, the three “old” traditions in this case being linked with Maxwellian electrody…Read more
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158A review of Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change" (review)Isis 84 (2): 426-427. 1993.Nugayev critically analyzes current conceptions of scientific change. Then he constructs his own normative model and compares it with actual problematic situations. In particular, he analyzes critically the replacement of Lorentz’s theory with the special theory of relativity. Key words: Popper, Duhem, Schlesinger, Lakatos, Kuhn
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154Incommensurability Tenet and Modern Theory of GravityIn Vadim Kazutinsky Lev Bazhenov Azaria Polikarov (ed.), Cosmos,Physics,Philosophy, Russian Academy of Science. pp. 37-39. 1989.An apparent incommensurability of two leading gravitational paradigms (metric and nonmetric) is considered. It is conjectured that the application of neutral language of A.P. Lightman, D.L. Lee and Kip S. Thorne (“The Foundation of Theory of Gravitational Theories”. Phys. Rev. D 1973, vol.7, pp.3563-3572) can help to solve the theory –choice problem in principle. Key words: neutral language, theory choice, gravity.
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149Islam and ScienceIn Yahiya G. Abdullin (ed.), The Frontiers of Islam and Christianity: Trends and Results of Investigation, Kazan Institute of Language, Literature and History, Tatarstan Academy of Science. pp. 143-152. 1994.The history of sciences in Moslim countries is contemplated. The reasons of initial flourishing and subsequent decline of Moslim science are discussed. It is conjectured that one of them may consist in the lack of analogue of protestant revolution the Moslim World.
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148Basic Paradigm Change: Communicative Rationality Approach (edited book)Dom Pechati. 2003.Special Relativity and the Early Quantum Theory were created within the same programme of statistical mechanics, thermodynamics and maxwellian electrodynamics reconciliation. I shall try to explain why classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics were “refuted” almost simultaneously or, in more suitable for the present congress terms, why did quantum revolution and the relativistic one both took place at the beginning of the 20-th century. I shall argue that quantum and relativistic revol…Read more
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143Reconstruction of Scientific Theory ChangeInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science 11 (3): 206-210. 1997.This book presents an elaborate analysis of the widely discussed problem of reconstruction of scientific theory change, based on material from theoretical physics. It gives a detailed , although not complete, analysis of the ideas of such authors as T. Kuhn, I. Lakatos, P. Feyerabend, E. Zahar and G. Holton, the empiristic account of the notion of “crucial experiment”, as well as of some leading Russian philosophers of science such as V. Stepin, E. Mamchur and V. Branskii. On the positive side, …Read more
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134Modern Sociology of Knowledge: Some leading Trends and Important ResultsSociology :4M (8): 5-16. 1997.Value dimensions of mature theory change in science are considered. It is argued that the interaction of the values of the cross-theories constitutes the major mechanism of theory change in this dimension. Examples from history of science describing the details of the mechanism are given.
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131Reconstruction of Scientific Theory ChangeJournal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 28 (1): 206-210. 1997.In his book “Reconstruction of Scientific Change” R.M. Nugayev proposes a new model of theory change by analyzing the reasons for theory change in science. Nugayev’s theoretical concept is based on a realist’s philosophical attitude. The most important notions of Nugayev’ s conception of theory change are “theories’ cross” and “crossbred objects”, which he takes from the terminology of other Russian philosophers of science (Bransky, Podgoretzky, Smorodinsky). His investigations often refer to se…Read more
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129An Outline of Scientific Research Programme Connecting Dlack-Hole Evaporation With More Familiar EffectsActa Physica Polonica (4): 251-269. 1985.The methodology of Scientific Research Programmes created by Imre Lakatos is applied to draw an outline of a programme invented to comprehend Hawking’s discovery of black-hole evaporation.
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128Review of Nugayev's book "Reconstruction of Scientific Theory Change" (review)PhilosophicalandSociological Thought in Ukraine (1): 123-124. 1990.A comprehensible model is proposed aimed at an analysis of the reasons for theory change in science. According to model the origins of scientific revolutions lie not in a clash of fundamental theories with facts, but of “old” fundamental theories with each other, leading to contradictions that can only be eliminated in a more general theory. The model is illustrated with reference to physics in the early 20th century, the three “old” theories in this case being Maxwellian electrodynamics, statis…Read more
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81Special Relativity As A Step Of Synthesis Of Mechanics And ElectrodynamicsScientia 80 (121): 87. 1986.An attempt to revise the special relativity genesis at the expense of comprehending all Einstein’s 1905 papers as a whole is provided. It is argued that light quanta hypothesis and special relativity turn out to be mere stages of implementation of the programme of maxwellian electrodynamics, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics reconciliation. The conception of luminiferous ether was an insurmountable stumbling block for Einstein’s statistical thermodynamics programme in which the leadi…Read more
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74Einstein's revolution: A case study in communicative rationality (review)Foundations of Science 4 (2): 155-204. 1999.The aim of the paper is to demonstratethat Special Relativity and the Early Quantum Theory were created within the same programme of statisticalmechanics, thermodynamics and maxwellianelectrodynamics reconciliation. I shall try to explainwhy classical mechanics and classicalelectrodynamics were ``refuted'''' almost simultaneouslyor, in more suitable terms for the present congress,why did the quantum revolution and the relativisticone both took place at the beginning of the 20-thcentury. I shall …Read more