Kaisheng Li

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139446) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: The EQT Mechanism of Electromagnetism is the electromagnetism volume of the Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) series. Its central question is not how electromagnetic force is described, but how it is generated. Rather than beginning with charge, electric and magnetic fields, photons, or virtual photons as already-given objects, the book asks whether these familiar elements can be derived from the frequency-density-gradient-phase dynamics of the electromagnetic-band energy quantum density field, ( \rho_f^{(EM)}(x,t) ). The volume works under the unified EQT postulates A1-A4 and the Meta-Norm M, and does not add electromagnetism-specific postulates. Charge is not treated as a primitive attribute; it is defined as a stable local deviation of electromagnetic-band energy quantum density relative to a background density within an integration space. Charge quantization is then connected to phase topology, phase winding number, and boundary closure conditions, so that (q=e_0 n) appears as a derived result rather than an assumed law. Positive and negative charges are interpreted through stable phase branches and polarity freezing. The book develops three existence modes of electromagnetic-band energyons: free state, bound state, and condensed state. Photons are interpreted as free-state excitations; local photon layers and electromagnetic interaction are treated as bound-state structures; and condensed states provide the interface with massive stable structures. Electric and magnetic fields are reconstructed as effective representations: the electric field arises from energyon density gradients, while the magnetic field is linked to energy-flow curl, phase lag, and motion response. The Lorentz force, potentials, and gauge degrees of freedom are treated as effective expressions of this density-field structure. A major task of the volume is to recover standard electromagnetism rather than reject it. Maxwellian theory is treated as the weak-gradient, high-occupation-number, macroscopic-averaging limit of the electromagnetic-band density field. The book examines how Gauss's law, Faraday's law, the Ampere-Maxwell equation, the electromagnetic wave equation, and the light-speed limit can emerge in this limit. QED is likewise not abolished, but interpreted as an effective representation: photons, virtual photons, propagators, vacuum polarization, effective charge, and renormalization are examined as fluctuation-response, linear-response, and scale-dependent expressions. The volume also introduces electromagnetic weak confinement as a distinctive mechanism of the electromagnetic band. Unlike strong confinement, it is screenable, perturbable, and releasable. It appears through local photon shells, screening length, bound-state structures, and the relation between charge, field, and local response. This framework is then applied to absorption, radiation, ionization, recombination, tri-state transitions, and the joint conservation of energy, phase, and charge. Methodologically, the book is deliberately restrained. It distinguishes basic definitions, mechanism operators, and verification tools, and treats Maxwellian theory and QED as standard limits that must be respected. The theory is not protected by adding postulates when derivations fail. If charge cannot be non-arbitrarily derived from ( \rho_f^{(EM)} ), if charge quantization cannot be connected to phase topology, if (E) and (B) cannot be recovered as effective representations, or if Maxwell/QED limits cannot be reproduced, the corresponding module must fail or contract. The book is therefore both a mechanism volume and a falsifiability-oriented constraint document within the EQT series. It seeks to explain electromagnetism from frequency, density, gradient, phase, topology, and resonance, while preserving clear boundaries with standard electromagnetic theory, QED, the strong-weak force volume, the gravity volume, and the dark-matter-dark-energy volume.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139439) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: This monograph, the third volume of the Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) treatise series by Kaisheng Li and Longji Li, advances a unified mechanistic explanation for dark matter and dark energy as macroscopic readouts of a single frequency-resolved energy quantum density field. Rather than treating the two dark components as isolated puzzles—an undiscovered particle and a cosmological-constant fitting term—the book reformulates them as one prior question: why are certain energy structures nearly silent in the electromagnetic window yet decisive at gravitational and cosmological scales? The proposed answer is that dark matter and dark energy correspond to the same underlying object, the energy quantum density field ρ(ν,x,t), but populate distinct frequency intervals with distinct dynamical regimes. The derivation proceeds from four postulates (A1–A4) and a meta-norm M of falsifiability, without dedicated dark-matter or dark-energy axioms. A1 posits a frequency-resolved energy quantum density field; A2 establishes the frequency–energy spectral relation; A3 specifies the EQT master equation governing field evolution through generation, diffusion, and dissipation; A4 imposes Lorentzian resonance kernels and cross-frequency coupling constraints. M forbids ad hoc assumptions and demands explicit failure conditions. Invoking the weak-field gravitational interface from the preceding gravity volume as a prior rather than a result, the book then constructs two parallel mechanistic chains. Dark matter is recast as a mid-frequency energy quantum density field ρ_DM under a dual constraint: it must remain electromagnetically weakly coupled while contributing meaningfully to the total density gradient. Frequency mismatch with the electromagnetic window, expressed through Lorentzian suppression and a coupling factor ε, accounts for invisibility; the gradient ∇(ρ_grav+ρ_DM) yields an effective gravitational enhancement G_eff(r) that organizes flat rotation curves, lensing–dynamics consistency, the Bullet Cluster mass–gas separation, halo formation, and a rewriting of NFW-type profiles. Core–cusp and missing-satellite issues are addressed through nonlinear saturation rather than baryonic feedback alone. Dark energy is recast as an ultra-low-frequency energy quantum background field ρ_Λ characterized by ultra-long wavelengths, diffusion dominance, and quasi-steady slow evolution. From this structure the book derives effective negative pressure, recovers w ≈ −1 in the appropriate limit, permits a constrained dynamical w(z), and feeds the result into H(z) through the Friedmann interface, with explicit links to DESI/BAO, supernovae, the CMB, the H₀ tension, σ₈ suppression, the ISW effect, and the low-frequency gravitational-wave background. The framework is sharply distinguished from ΛCDM, the WIMP paradigm, axion and dark photon models, MOND, modified gravity, quintessence, and early dark energy. Parameters ν_Λ, D_Λ, and Γ_Λ undergo identifiability checks and AIC/BIC penalties, and conflations such as a "unified dark field" or treating compatibility as observational support are forbidden. The closing emphasis is methodological: failability outranks explanatory scope. The book tabulates failure conditions for dark matter, dark energy, the gravitational interface, and cross-frequency coupling, and supplies a minimum executable simulation route covering N-body methods coupled to density-field dynamics, modified Boltzmann solvers, and MCMC parameter estimation. The work is positioned not as a completed alternative cosmology but as a generative candidate mechanistic framework—definitionally rigorous, computationally addressable, and observationally falsifiable—whose theoretical value is conditional on whether the mechanism can yield distinguishable predictions, survive joint CMB, BAO, SNe, LSS, and weak-lensing constraints, and preserve genuine risks of failure against ΛCDM and competing extensions.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139460) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: Frozen Cosmology: Cosmic Evolution as a Dynamic Spectrum of Freezing in Energy Quantum Theory develops a natural-philosophical model of cosmic evolution from the perspective of Energy Quantum Theory (EQT). The book does not aim to replace standard cosmology, general relativity, or the ((\Lambda))CDM framework. Instead, it asks whether the universe can be understood as a frequency-stratified process of energy density, gradient formation, structural stabilization, residual effects, and eventual dynamical withdrawal. The central concept of the book is the “freezing spectrum.” Freezing does not mean that the universe becomes static or that all processes stop. It refers to the possibility that structures in different frequency bands may, at different stages of cosmic history, exit active dynamical evolution and persist as stable structures, residual gradients, background conditions, or indirectly observable components. On this view, cosmic history is not merely a monotonic movement from a hot dense beginning toward dilution or heat death. It is also a layered history in which high-frequency processes may freeze earlier, while low-frequency processes continue to shape large-scale structure, gravity, dark components, and the far future. The book uses a restricted set of EQT tools: the frequency-resolved energy quantum density field ( \rho_f(x,t) ), density gradients ( \nabla \rho_f ), mechanism parameters such as (k(f)), (D(f)), (\Gamma(f)), and (S_f), the freezing time (t_{\rm freeze}(f)), and the cosmological background (H(t)). These tools are not presented as a completed physical theory, but as a constrained formal language for describing cosmic evolution as a frequency-density-gradient process. Within this framework, cosmic structures are interpreted as gradient transients rather than permanent entities. Galaxies, dark matter halos, background radiation, and large-scale structures are treated as historically formed and condition-dependent patterns. Dark matter is reconsidered as a possible mid-frequency gradient residual: gravitationally effective, but weakly coupled to ordinary electromagnetic detection windows. Dark energy is approached through low-frequency free states, freezing-spectrum cutoffs, and the candidate scaling ( \rho_\Lambda \propto H^4 ). These proposals are not treated as completed solutions, but as mechanisms requiring observational restriction and possible failure. The book also proposes a staged view of cosmic evolution, including a current structure-growth phase, a possible gradient-terminal phase, a later structure-contraction phase, and a candidate bounce-transition phase. These far-future stages are not presented as confirmed predictions, but as model-dependent extrapolations whose validity depends on (H(z)), (w(z)), structure growth, and the behavior of low-frequency dynamics. Methodologically, the book adopts “constrained speculation.” It allows new organizing principles, but requires formal expression, observational interfaces, and explicit failure conditions. The freezing-spectrum framework must therefore be tested against CMB structure, weak lensing, dark matter halo profiles, dark energy equations of state, gravitational-wave phase modulation, and structure-growth data. If the framework cannot recover known limits, distinguish itself from ((\Lambda))CDM, or generate testable deviations, its relevant modules must be revised, downgraded, or abandoned. This volume is therefore best understood as a restrained natural-philosophical cosmology. It seeks to connect ontology, cosmic structure formation, dark components, time direction, and future cosmic stages through the common language of frequency, density, gradient, freezing, and residual structure. Its value lies not in claiming a final theory of the universe, but in proposing a disciplined framework through which cosmic evolution can be reconsidered as a layered history of formation, stabilization, freezing, persistence, and failure.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139477) has now been completed and published by Gradient Physics Press, (ISBN: 979-8-9961394-7-7) with the following major features, improvements, and additions: Mind--Matter Unity: Consciousness and Subjectivity in the EQT Process Philosophy of Nature develops a systematic account of consciousness within the framework of Energy Quantum Theory (EQT). The book begins from the hard problem of consciousness: why physical processes are accompanied by first-person experience, rather than remaining merely silent operations of structure, function, and information processing. Instead of claiming to dissolve this problem by definition, function, emergence, or identity alone, the book proposes a more restrained strategy: to clarify everything that can be structurally and physically explained, and to mark precisely the residual point that cannot be reduced. The central thesis is that first-person experience and specific gradient configurations of the frequency-resolved energy quantum density field, (\rho_f), are isomorphic at the strongest level: they are two aspects of the same underlying process. The structure of experience is argued to correspond to five sources of richness in (\rho_f): single-frequency gradient configurations, frequency families, master-equation evolution, resonance modes, and transient timescale spectra. These five sources are used to account for qualitative variation, differences among qualitative kinds, the stream of consciousness, unity and binding, temporal thickness, and memory. The book then distinguishes structural isomorphism from given-ness. Experience is not merely a structure; it is given from within. This given-ness is characterized as internal--external co-evolutionary freezing within a bounded interior. The boundary of life, especially the membrane as the first topological interior, becomes the gate that separates living given-ness from non-living physical interaction. This allows the book to reject both panpsychism and functionalist substrate-independence: not every coupled system has experience, and artificial systems without a genuine life-boundary do not possess the precondition of given-ness. A further part of the argument explains how sensation becomes cognized experience through memory transients, knowledge structures, comparison, language, and symbolic organization. It also develops an account of subjectivity: experience becomes “mine” through (\mathcal{B})-demarcation, the attributional projection of dominant coherence. Disorders such as depersonalization, thought insertion, split brain, dissociation, and covert consciousness are treated as test cases for this framework. The measurable side of the theory is expressed through the projection tensor (\Psi=(\tilde{A}, C, \mathcal{B})), where (\tilde{A}) refers to the dissipative power required to maintain non-equilibrium co-evolution, (C) to differentiation and integration, and (\mathcal{B}) to the boundary of coherent co-evolution. The book connects these quantities to EEG/MEG, fMRI/PET, TMS-EEG, effective connectivity, and other empirical interfaces. It also presents falsifiable predictions, especially the frequency--quality correspondence and the frequency--timescale relation (\tau_{\mathrm{retain}} \sim \tau_0/f). Philosophically, the book defends an open-process dual-aspect monism. Mind and matter are not two substances, nor is consciousness reduced to function or eliminated as illusion. Rather, mind and matter are two directions of access to the same (\rho_f) process: externally as gradient structure and co-evolution, internally as given experience. Yet the book also preserves an irreducible final cell: why the internal side of this process is experienced at all. This residual point is not treated as failure, but as the honest boundary of physical and structural explanation.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139415) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: The Foundational Volume of Energy Quantum Theory is the opening volume of the Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) series. It does not retell the history of the Planck formula, but reconsiders the theoretical status of (E=h\nu). The central question is whether this relation should be treated only as a formula for photon energy and quantum transitions, or whether frequency can serve as a structural variable linking energy, mass, interaction range, field dynamics, and the generative mechanism of force. The book begins with the Planck relation and combines it with Einstein’s mass–energy relation to obtain ( \nu = mc^2/h ). This mass-frequency relation is not used merely as a conversion formula. It provides a theoretical entrance through which massive objects can also be described in frequency terms. On this basis, the book develops a frequency spectrum in which propagation modes, stable massive modes, transitional modes, and possible higher- or lower-frequency structures can be compared along a common spectral coordinate. Frequency is then connected to wavelength, Compton scale, and effective range of action. The core object of EQT is the frequency-resolved energy quantum density field, ( \rho_f(x,t) ). This field is not ordinary matter density, not wave-function probability density, and not an auxiliary tool added after particles and forces are assumed. It is introduced as the foundational bearer of EQT. Particles are interpreted as stable or transient density-field modes formed under specific frequency bands, boundary conditions, and stabilization mechanisms. Forces are not primitive entities; they appear as effective actions generated by spatial density gradients, cross-frequency coupling, and the dynamical evolution of the density field. EQT is developed through four minimal postulates and one meta-norm. These define the basic ontology of the energy quantum density field, the universal spectral relation between frequency and energy, the master equation governing field evolution, and a Lorentzian resonance kernel constraining cross-frequency coupling. The meta-norm requires mechanism priority, derivational discipline, and falsifiability. Mass, force, particles, spacetime, and the frequency stratification of interactions are therefore not initial postulates, but must appear as inferences, limits, or open extensions. The volume also provides a foundational interface for the four forces. Gravity is treated as a low-frequency, long-scale, accumulative density-gradient limit; electromagnetism as a mid-frequency, low-dissipation propagation interface; the strong force as a high-frequency resonant-condensation interface; and the weak force as an ultra-high-frequency trans-frequency and short-lived mediation interface. The book does not claim to complete the full theory of each force. Its task is to establish the common postulates, terminology, formulas, and failure conditions required for later EQT volumes. A distinctive feature of this volume is its methodological restraint. It distinguishes postulates, definitions, inferences, extensions, and failure conditions, and insists that philosophical or cosmological interpretations must follow mechanism rather than precede it. Falsifiability is treated as an internal requirement: if mass-frequencyization cannot yield structural consequences, if the frequency spectrum cannot explain differences in range or stability, if the master equation cannot produce calculable limits, or if gradient-force relations cannot connect with known mechanical behavior, the corresponding module fails. This volume is therefore both a theoretical foundation and a constraint document for the EQT series. It seeks to transform the Planck formula from a familiar quantum energy relation into the entrance of a frequency–density-field mechanism, while maintaining clear boundaries among derivation, conjecture, correspondence with existing physics, and future research.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: This book develops Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) as a natural-philosophical framework for rethinking energy, matter, life, consciousness, civilization, and the long-term fate of the universe. Rather than treating the universe as a collection of static entities or as a machine moving toward a predetermined end, the book proposes a processual picture centered on the Energyon Density Field, gradients, frequency structures, resonance, feedback, dissipation, and irreversible temporal development. At the core of the argument is the claim that energy should not be understood merely as an abstract conserved quantity, but as a frequency-based process. The relation (E=hf) is therefore interpreted not only as a statement of quantization, but also as a clue to the processual mode of energy itself. Matter, force, charge, mass, dark matter, dark energy, life, and cognition are examined as different manifestations of density fields, gradients, frequency matching, and conditional stability. In this framework, particles are not treated as isolated static objects, but as gradient transients within high-frequency density structures; gravity is reinterpreted through low-frequency statistical exchange; dark matter is considered as a possible mid-frequency modulation structure; and dark energy is approached as an extremely low-frequency form of gradient escape. The book also extends EQT beyond fundamental physics into complexity, biology, consciousness, civilization, and artificial intelligence. Life is interpreted as a gradient-escape system that temporarily delays dissipation by maintaining boundaries, metabolism, information, and feedback. Consciousness is approached as multi-gradient integration within living systems. Civilization is understood as conscious gradient reconstruction, through which natural gradients are transformed into energy systems, institutions, symbolic structures, science, technology, and AI. Complexity, however, is not presented as a cumulative cosmic destiny. The book instead develops the concept of Non-Cumulative Emergence: complex forms are real, valuable, and consequential, but they remain local, conditional, and transient. Philosophically, the book argues for a process ontology grounded in physical mechanisms. It brings modern physics into dialogue with Whitehead, Bergson, Spinoza, Prigogine, and complexity science, while rejecting both mechanistic reductionism and strong teleology. The universe is neither a heat-death machine nor a purpose-driven drama. It is a Sea of Gradients: a processual whole in which local order emerges, persists, transforms, and eventually dissipates. Meaning, in this view, does not require eternal preservation. It arises from the generation of local order within finite gradients: in life, understanding, relation, creation, ethics, science, and civilization. The final aim of the book is therefore both theoretical and philosophical. It seeks to offer a unified language for connecting physical mechanism, cosmic evolution, biological organization, conscious experience, civilizational development, and existential meaning. At the same time, it stresses that EQT must move beyond explanatory metaphor toward testable pathways, including CMB residuals, dark matter frequency-band detuning, fifth-force searches, low-frequency gravitational-wave signals, atomic-clock residuals, XFEL-based electron-cloud dynamics, and AI-assisted recognition of cross-frequency cosmic patterns.

A fully revised edition of this book (v2,ISBN: 9798996139422) has now been completed and published on Amazon, with the following major features, improvements, and additions: What generates gravity? Not merely what describes it — but what actually produces it at the level of physical mechanism? This is the central question that The EQT Gravitational Mechanism sets out to answer. The second volume of the Treatise on Energy Quantum Theory series, this book presents a rigorous, postulate-driven derivation of gravitational attraction from the statistical behavior of low-frequency energy quantum density gradients — offering a generative explanation where existing frameworks provide only geometric or descriptive accounts. Modern physics stands at a profound impasse. General Relativity has achieved extraordinary success in describing gravity through spacetime curvature, geodesics, and field equations. Quantum Field Theory has delivered equally stunning results for electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. Yet gravity remains outside the quantum framework. Between these two theoretical languages lies a fracture that neither side has bridged — and it is precisely into this fracture that Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) intervenes. EQT does not attempt to quantize GR, nor does it propose a new geometric formalism. Instead, it asks whether gravity can be derived — from first principles, beginning from four minimal postulates (A1–A4) — as a macroscopic statistical effect of low-frequency energy quantum density gradients. The approach is deliberately restricted to the low-frequency, weak-field, quasi-static regime, demanding that Newtonian gravity and the weak-field limit of GR emerge as recoverable consequences, not assumptions. The book proceeds through a layered argument. It establishes the energy quantum density field as the unique fundamental object (A1), introduces frequency–energy equivalence positioning gravity in the low-frequency band (A2), formulates the EQT Master Equation with gravitational evolution terms (A3), and defines the Lorentzian resonance kernel for frequency-band coupling (A4). From this base, it derives how density gradients generate effective directional forces on localized mass condensates, and how the exchange integral between two such condensates yields the familiar M₁M₂/r² dependence of Newtonian gravity. It then shows how this effective potential enters weak-field metric perturbations, recovering GR's geometric description as a readout layer rather than an ontological foundation. What distinguishes this work is its commitment to falsifiability. Six testable deviations are derived: a scale-dependent effective gravitational constant G_eff(r), gravitational-wave dispersion with a high-frequency cutoff, frequency-dependent time dilation residuals, dual-frequency clock differential experiments, strong-field waveform deviations, and low-frequency propagation-length signatures. Each prediction comes with explicit observational interfaces and clearly stated failure conditions. The book is equally rigorous about its limits. It does not address strong-field black-hole interiors or full quantum gravity. It does not claim to replace GR or QFT, but rather to supply a generative mechanism beneath the geometric description GR provides. Extensive appendices cover mathematical tools, a full glossary of EQT operators, and a layered observational interface table mapping predictions to near-, medium-, and long-term experimental pathways. Written for researchers and advanced students in theoretical and mathematical physics, The EQT Gravitational Mechanismoffers an internally consistent, empirically anchored framework for understanding how gravity arises — not as a given, but as a derivable consequence of low-frequency energy quantum density field structure.

A fully revised edition of this book(v2,ISBN: 9798996139408) has now been completed and published, with the following major features, improvements, and additions:Energy Quantum Theory: Weak Force, Strong Force, and a Generative Framework for the Strong–Weak Transition Why do forces exist? Why do certain energy configurations stabilize into mass while others decay? Why do the weak and strong forces look so different, yet converge at high energies? Energy Quantum Theory (EQT) does not dispute the predictive success of the Standard Model. Instead, it addresses an explanatory layer that comes before formalism: Can these forces be understood as generative outcomes of a single underlying mechanism? The Core Framework This monograph introduces a minimal axiomatic system—four postulates (A1–A4) and one meta-norm (M)—from which the behaviors of the weak and strong forces are derived as mechanical results: A1: The Energy Quantum Density Field $\rho_f(x,t)$ – The sole fundamental object; particles and fields emerge as effective structures. A2: Spectral Quantization Principle – $E = h\nu$ serves as the universal spectral labeling principle for all energy modes. A3: The EQT Master Equation – A unified nonlinear evolution equation where frequency-dependent coefficients dictate qualitatively different dynamical behaviors across spectral regimes. A4: Lorentzian Resonance Coupling Kernel – A cross-frequency function determining how spectral modes exchange energy based on frequency mismatch and damping. Generative Unification Unlike traditional unification via symmetry groups, EQT pursues generative unification. It explains the differences between interactions as consequences of operating under different frequency, density, and dissipation conditions. The Weak Force: Reinterpreted as ultra-high-frequency transient modes with large dissipation, explaining their short range and redistribution of energy in decay events. The Strong Force: Reinterpreted as a resonance-condensation process. Confinement is seen as the outcome of local high-frequency density, nonlinear feedback, and energy closure. The Strong–Weak Transition Zone: The book’s most original contribution. It treats this zone as a spectral overlap region, defining the conditions for mixed-mode signatures and observable thresholds. Structure & Scope Divided into six parts, the book moves from foundational axioms to specific physical rewrites: Derivation of Base Mechanics: Connecting EQT to QFT language (spectral functions, quasi-particles). Mechanistic Rewriting: New perspectives on W/Z mediation, the Higgs mechanism, gluon self-coupling, and hadronization. The Transition Zone: Specifications for phase-locking and energy closure conditions in mixed-mode amplification. Verifiability: A structured falsifiability checklist with ten classes of results that would constitute a refutation of the theory. Target Audience Professional Physicists & Theorists: Who seek a formally auditable generative framework with explicit correspondence to QCD and Electroweak theory Complex Systems Researchers: Interested in how frequency-driven condensation and feedback amplification apply to fundamental force generation. Note: This is not a textbook of the Standard Model, nor a claim to have replaced QFT. It is a research program—a first-stage academic monograph providing a foundation for numerical implementation and experimental testing. Approximately 400 pages. Includes mathematical derivations, correspondence tables, and a numerical implementation roadmap.