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92Ob die Kategorien schon bei der Wahrnehmung eine Rolle spielen, wird von Kant-Interpreten unterschiedlich gesehen. Peter Rohs etwa argumentiert für eine Unabhängigkeit und Selbständigkeit der Wahrnehmung gegenüber dem Verstand. Die intuitive Synthesis der Einbildungskraft müsse auf eigenen Füßen stehen können und Bilder und „singuläre Sinne“ der Anwendung der Begriffe vorausgehen. McDowell hingegen spricht sich gegen eine solche Selbständigkeit der Wahrnehmung aus. Setzte man sie voraus, käme de…Read more
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257Kant's aesthetics: Overview and recent literaturePhilosophy Compass 4 (3): 380-406. 2009.In 1764, Kant published his Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime and in 1790 his influential third Critique , the Critique of the Power of Judgment . The latter contains two parts, the 'Critique of the Aesthetic Power of Judgment' and the 'Critique of the Teleological Power of Judgment'. They reveal a new principle, namely the a priori principle of purposiveness ( Zweckmäßigkeit ) of our power of judgment, and thereby offer new a priori grounds for beauty and biology with…Read more
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54Beauty, Genius, and Mathematics: Why Did Kant Change His Mind?History of Philosophy Quarterly 18 (4). 2001.
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373Perry Link: An Anatomy of Chinese; Rhythm, Metaphor. Harvard University Press 2013 (review)Etudes Chinoises 33 (1): 174-181. 2014.
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6Chinese Perspectives on Free WillIn Kevin Timpe, Meghan Griffith & Neil Levy (eds.), Routledge Companion to Free Will., Routledge. pp. 374-388. 2017.The problem of free will as it is know in Western philosophical traditions is hardly known in China. Considering how central the problem is in the West, this is a remarkable fact. We try to explain this, and we offer insights into discussions within Chinese traditions that we think are related, not historically but regarding the issues discussed. Thus we introduce four central Chinese concepts, namely: (1) xīn 心 (heart, heart-mind), (2) xìng 性 (human nature, characteristic tendencies, inborn cap…Read more
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72Henry E. Allison, Kant's Theory of Taste, A Reading of the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment. CUP 2001 (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2002 (1). 2002.
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53Ethics and Zhuangzi: Awareness, Freedom, and AutonomyJournal of Chinese Philosophy 30 (1). 2003.
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99Karl Ameriks: Kant and the Historical Turn: Philosophy as Critical Interpretation. OUP 2007 (review)Mind 117 (467): 669-674. 2008.
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246How Pictorial is Chinese? And Does it Matter?Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 18 317-319. 2010.It has often been said that the Chinese script is pictorial or ideographic, and that this is one of the reasons why Chinese tend to think more analogically than logically, and why in the past the natural sciences developed to a lesser degree in China than in the West. These are strong claims. They have often been oversimplified and exaggerated, but I think there is something to be said for them. Here I will focus on the first question. I will argue that Chinese characters still have semantic fea…Read more
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430Aesthetics and Rule FollowingContributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 24 260-262. 2016.In this essay I point out parallels between Kants theory of aesthetics and Wittgensteins discussion of rule following. Although Wittgenstein did not write an aesthetics and Kant did not discuss Wittgensteinian rule-following problems, and although both Kant and Wittgenstein begin at very different starting points and use different methods, they end up dealing with similar issues, namely issues about rules, particularity, exemplarity, objectivity, practice, and as-if statements.
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54Jay Rosenberg: Thinking about knowing, OUP 2002 (review)European Journal of Philosophy 14 (3). 2006.
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265Knowledge, Belief, and the A PrioriContributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 11 369-370. 2003.This paper has two parts. In the first I give a brief historical account of the a priori and point out the central and problematic role of 'Erfahrung überhaupt' in Kant’s transcendental philosophy. In the second and main part I offer a criticism of Kripke’s arguments for the contingent a priori and I thereby question his radical separation of metaphysics and epistemology.
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227Transcendental Philosophy and Mind-Body ReductionismContributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 16 390-392. 2008.The notion of “representation” is central to Kant’s transcendental philosophy. But naturalism and mind-body reductionism tend to reduce talk of (first-person) representation to stories of (third-person) causality and evolution. How does Kant fare in this context?
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216Chinese Ways of WordsInstitut International de Philosophie 5 119-126. 2009.According to the so-called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, a language influences the mind of its user. This is more or less trivial, but the problems are in the details. It is difficult to make precise what those influences are, be it in general philosophical or in particular empirical-cultural terms. I will give an account of what I take to be basic aesthetic and grammatical features of the Chinese language compared with what we find in Western languages such as Latin or greek. Then I will indicate wha…Read more
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2Mathematics and Aesthetics in Kantian PerspectivesIn Peter Cassaza, Steven G. Krantz & Randi R. Ruden (eds.), I, Mathematician II. Further Introspections on the Mathematical Life, The Consortium of Mathematics and Its Applications. pp. 93-106. 2016.This essay will inform the reader about Kant’s views on mathematics and aesthetics. It will also critically discuss these views and offer further suggestions and personal opinions from the author’s side. Kant (1724-1804) was not a mathematician, nor was he an artist. One must even admit that he had little understanding of higher mathematics and that he did not have much of a theory that could be called a “philosophy of mathematics” either. But he formulated a very influential aesthetic theory th…Read more
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40Stephen Davies: Philosophical Perspectives on Art, OUP 2007 (review)Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2008 (7). 2008.
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90Isolation and involvement: Wilhelm Von humboldt, François Jullien, and morePhilosophy East and West 60 (4): 458-475. 2010.This is an essay about language, thought, and culture in general, and about Ancient Greek and Classical Chinese in particular. It is about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which says that language influences the mind, and applies this hypothesis to Greek and Chinese. It is also an essay in comparative philosophy as well as a contribution to the history of ideas. From the language side, I rely on the nineteenth-century German linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, and from the culture side on the contemporary…Read more
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Robert Greenberg: Kant's Theory of A Priori Knowledge, Penn State Press 2011 (review)Philosophy in Review 22 (3): 188-190. 2002.
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421Kann aus dem Urteil über das Angenehme ein Geschmacksurteil ähnlich wie aus dem Wahrnehmungsurteil ein Erfahrungsurteil werden? (Can a Judgment About the Agreeable Become a Judgment of Taste, As a Judgment of Perception Can Become a Judgment of Experience?)In Volker Gerhardt, Rolf-Peter Horstmann & Ralph Schumacher (eds.), Kant und die Berliner Aufklärung. Akten des IX. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, vol. 3, Walter De Gruyter. pp. 468-476. 2001.
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226"Bedeutungserlebnis" and "Lebensgefühl" in Kant and Wittgenstein: Responsibility and the FutureContributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 17 451-453. 2009.This essay is about the inner and the outer in Wittgenstein, in particular his notion of “meaning experience”. Wittgenstein reminds us that we should not think of the inner, psychological the way we think about the outer, physical world. Again and again he keeps returning to certain views about the soul and our mental states. I think that it is not only therapy he has in mind. I will contrast certain aesthetic and ethical aspects of his thoughts with views from Kant.
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84Wittgenstein and Free WillIn Harald A. Wiltsche & Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl (eds.), Analytic and Continental Philosophy: Methods and Perspectives. Proceedings of the 37th International Wittgenstein Symposium, De Gruyter. pp. 47-62. 2016.In this essay I to do three things. First, I discuss a statement from the Tractatus which says that our free will consists in our ignorance of future actions: “The freedom of the will consists in the impossibility of knowing actions that still lie in the future. We could know them only if causality were an inner necessity like that of logical inference.” (5.1362) I think this statement might well be inspired by a claim Moore made in connection with free will in his 1912 book Ethics: “We can har…Read more
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48Do Negative Judgments of Taste Have a priori Grounds in Kant?Kant Studien 103 (4): 472-493. 2012.When contrasting something with its opposite, such as positive numbers with negative numbers, repulsion with attraction, good and evil, beauty and ugliness, Kant some-times says the latter are not merely cases of negation or privation of the former, but that they have their own, independent grounds. But do negative judgments of taste really have a priori grounds? There are two kinds of negative judgments of taste: “This is not beautiful” and “This is ugly.” Can they be a priori judgments? Or are…Read more
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297Urteil (Judgment)In Petra Kolmer & Arnim G. Wildfeuer (eds.), Neues Handbuch Philosophischer Grundbegriffe, Verlag Karl Alber. pp. 2284-2296. 2011.
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314Does Thought Happen in the Brain?Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society 21 453-455. 2013.What is the nature of thought? Is thought linguistic and some kind of silent speech? Or is it pre-linguistic and some kind of association of ideas and images in the mind? Does it happen in the brain? I will focus on the last question, but also say something about the other two. I will present a simple thought experiment to show that thought must somehow happen in the brain. But then I will soften the impression this might give by pointing out what is needed to read those thoughts. Simply put, on…Read more
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541Art and Imagination in MathematicsIn Michael L. Thompson (ed.), Imagination in Kant's Critical Philosophy, Walter De Gruyter. pp. 49-68. 2013.
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79François Jullien: Review of The Impossible Nude: Chinese Art and Western Aesthetics, University of Chicago Press 2007 (review)Philosophy East and West 59 (2): 240-243. 2009.
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19Leslie Stevenson: Inspirations from Kant. Essays, OUP 2011 (review)Mind 123 (490): 644-649. 2014.
Areas of Specialization
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Philosophy of Mind |
Aesthetics |
Asian Philosophy |
Free Will |
Immanuel Kant |
Ludwig Wittgenstein |