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2Um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts tritt die Sinnesphysiologie in eine neue Phase ein. Sie löst sich allmählich von der akademischen Philosophie und bildet sich zu einer professionellen experimentellen Disziplin aus. Trotzdem ist die Philosophie aber nicht völlig aus dem Spiel; es kommt vielmehr zu einem Wettstreit physiologischer Schulen innerhalb der Physiologie selbst um ihre impliziten philosophischen Anschauungen. Außerdem liefern sich die längst etablierte Disziplinen der Physik, Physiologi…Read more
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47The Probabilistic Revolution, Volume 1 (edited book)Mit Press: Cambridge. 1987.Preface to Volumes 1 and 2 Lorenz Krüger xv Introduction to Volume 1 Lorraine J. Daston 1 I Revolution 1 What Are Scientific Revolutions? Thomas S. Kuhn 7 2 Scientific Revolutions, Revolutions in Science, and a Probabilistic Revolution 1800-1930 I. Bernard Cohen 23 3 Was There a Probabilistic Revolution 1800-1930? Ian Hacking 45 II Concepts 4 The Slow Rise of Probabilism: Philosophical Arguments in the Nineteenth Century Lorenz Krüger 59 5 The Decline of the Laplacian Theory of Probability: A St…Read more
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Wie das Leib-Seele Problem in den Logischen Empirismus kamE-Journal Philosophie der Psychologie 2. 2005.
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Criticism of positivism : Emile Meyerson and Hélène MetzgerCorpus: Revue de philosophie 8 151-160. 1988.
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42Some intertheoretic relations between ptolemean and copernican astronomyErkenntnis 10 (3). 1976.
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67Applying models in fluid dynamicsInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science 20 (1). 2006.The following article treats the 'applicational turn' of modern fluid dynamics as it set in at the beginning of the 20th century with Ludwig Prandtl's concept of the boundary layer. It seeks to show that there is much more to applying a theory in a highly mathematical field like fluid dynamics than deriving a special case from a general explanatory theory under particular antecedent conditions. In Prandtl's case, the decisive move was to introduce a model that provided a physical/causal concepti…Read more
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56In this paper, I would like to show that considering technological models as they arise in engineering disciplines can greatly enrich the philosophical perspective on models. In fluid mechanics, (at least) three types of models are distinguished: mathematical, computer and physical models. Very often, the choice of a particular mathematical, computer or physical model highly affects the type of solutions and the computational time needed for it. Technological models not only aim at a correct des…Read more
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2Wenn hier Fechners Philosophie als „wissenschaftlich-philosophische Weltauffassung“ bezeichnet wird, dann soll damit gesagt werden, dass Fechner mit seiner Philosophie einen wissenschaftlichen Anspruch verfolgt hat und dass sie tatsächlich auf einem weltanschauungsfreien Fundament ruht. Ich möchte sogar so weit gehen zu behaupten, dass Fechner damit zur Tradition der „wissenschaftlichen Philosophie“ des 19. Jahrhunderts zu rechnen ist, deren folgenreichstes späteres Produkt im 20. Jahrhundert de…Read more
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6EinleitungIn Michael Heidelberger & Wolfgang Balzer (eds.), Zur Logik Empirischer Theorien, De Gruyter. pp. 1-19. 1983.
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443The mind-body problem in the origin of logical empiricism: Herbert Feigl and psychophysical parallelismIn Paolo Parrini, Wes Salmon & Merrilee Salmon (eds.), Cogprints, Pittsburgh University Pres. pp. 233--262. 2001.In the 19th century, "Psychophysical Parallelism" was the most popular solution of the mind-body problem among physiologists, psychologists and philosophers. (This is not to be mixed up with Leibnizian and other cases of "Cartesian" parallelism.) The fate of this non-Cartesian view, as founded by Gustav Theodor Fechner, is reviewed. It is shown that Feigl's "identity theory" eventually goes back to Alois Riehl who promoted a hybrid version of psychophysical parallelism and Kantian mind-body theo…Read more
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35Beziehungen zwischen Sinnesphysiologie und Philosophie im 19. JahrhundertIn H. J. Sandkühler (ed.), Philosophie Und Wissenschaften, Peter Lang. pp. 37--58. 1997.
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139Origins of the logical theory of probability: Von Kries, Wittgenstein, WaismannInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science 15 (2). 2001.The physiologist and neo-Kantian philosopher Johannes von Kries (1853-1928) wrote one of the most philosophically important works on the foundation of probability after P.S. Laplace and before the First World War, his Principien der Wohrscheinlich-keitsrechnung (1886, repr. 1927). In this book, von Kries developed a highly original interpretation of probability, which maintains it to be both logical and objectively physical. After presenting his approach I shall pursue the influence it had on Lu…Read more
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485Hermann von Helmholtz, Philosophische und populärwissenschaftliche Schriften. 3 Bände. (edited book)Meiner. 2017.Aus dem vielfältigen Werk von Hermann von Helmholtz versammelt diese Ausgabe die im engeren Sinne philosophischen Abhandlungen, vor allem zur Wissenschaftsphilosophie und Erkenntnistheorie, sowie Vorträge und Reden, bei denen der Autor seine Ausnahmestellung im Wissenschaftsbetrieb nutzte, um die Wissenschaften und ihre Institutionen in der bestehenden Form zu repräsentieren und zu begründen. Ein Philosoph wollte Helmholtz nicht sein, aber er legte der philosophischen Reflexion wissenschaftlich…Read more
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Force, law, and experiment: The evolution of helmholtz's philosophy of scienceIn David Cahan (ed.), Hermann Von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century Science, University of California Press. pp. 461-497. 1993.
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11Schwerpunkt: zum Wandel der Wissenschaftsauffassung im Späten 19. Jahrhundert: Hermann von Helmholtz'Erkenntnistheorie in der DiskussionDeutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 43 (5): 815-817. 1995.
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20Aspects of Current History of 19TH Century Philosophy of ScienceIn F. Stadler, D. Dieks, W. Gonzales, S. Hartmann, T. Uebel & M. Weber (eds.), The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science, Springer. pp. 67--74. 2010.
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5Naturphilosophie refers to the philosophy of nature prevalent especially in German phi- losophy, science and literary movements from around 1790 to about 1830. It pleaded for an organic and dynamic worldview as an alternative to the atomist and mechanist outlook of modern science. Against the Cartesian dualism of matter and mind which had given way to the mechanist materialism of the French Encyclopedists, Spinoza’s dual aspect theory of mind and matter as two modes of a single substance was fav…Read more
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7Ergänzende LiteraturangabenIn Michael Heidelberger & Wolfgang Balzer (eds.), Zur Logik Empirischer Theorien, De Gruyter. pp. 20-23. 1983.
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259The Significance of the Hypothetical in Natural Science (edited book)De Gruyter. 2009.How was the hypothetical character of theories of experience thought about throughout the history of science? The essays cover periods from the middle ages to the 19th and 20th centuries. It is fascinating to see how natural scientists and philosophers were increasingly forced to realize that a natural science without hypotheses is not possible.
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72From neo-kantianism to critical realism: Space and the mind-body problem in riehl and SchlickPerspectives on Science 15 (1): 26-48. 2007.This article deals with Moritz Schlick's critical realism and its sources that dominated his philosophy until about 1925. It is shown that his celebrated analysis of Einstein's relativity theory is the result of an earlier philosophical discussion about space perception and its role for the theory of space. In particular, Schlick's "method of coincidences" did not owe anything to "entirely new principles" based on the work of Einstein, Poincaré or Hilbert, as claimed by Michael Friedman, but was…Read more
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University TübingenDepartment of Philosophy
Ludwig Maximilians Universität, München
Faculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and Study of Religion
PhD, 1978
Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany