Mariana Rodríguez

La transgresión que supone la asociación de la violencia con las mujeres se revela en el tratamiento político y mediático que han recibido las mujeres de ETA, frecuentemente asociadas con una feminidad pervertida. Este artículo analiza la identificación del cuerpo de la mujer de ETA con la sexualidad desviada de los modelos normativos nacionalistas, explora las conflictivas relaciones de las mujeres con la violencia y se detiene en las figuras políticas y el liderazgo de Yoyes y de Idoia López Riaño. En el primer caso se analiza la transgresión representada por la presencia inasimilable de una líder de ETA tras su abandono de la actividad terrorista y tras su maternidad. En el segundo se explora su representación y la negociación política y mediática de su identidad. Si Yoyes ocupa un espacio simbólico en el imaginario político vasco, López Riaño constituye un testimonio vivo en el proceso de esta militancia femenina en ETA.

El presente artículo estudia el patrimonio arquitectónico agrario en ruina de Andalucía, las causas de su deterioro, como la industrialización agrícola, y algunas de sus consecuencias, como el éxodo rural. Parte de los resultados se muestran en una pieza audiovisual montada a partir de ocho pinturas que ilustran la degeneración del paisaje y de las construcciones rurales, hasta que estas se convierten en ruina y se integran en el suelo. Como conclusiones se evidencia la necesidad de cambiar los modelos de producción y preservar las ruinas agrarias como parte de la cultura.

Aberrations introduced by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes are compensated using adaptive optics systems, where the use of deformable mirrors and multiple sensors relies on complex control systems. Recently, the development of larger scales of telescopes as the E-ELT or TMT has created a computational challenge due to the increasing complexity of the new adaptive optics systems. The Complex Atmospheric Reconstructor based on Machine Learning is an algorithm based on artificial neural networks, designed to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. During recent years, the use of GPUs has been proved to be a great solution to speed up the learning process of neural networks, and different frameworks have been created to ease their development. The implementation of CARMEN in different Multi-GPU frameworks is presented in this paper, along with its development in a language originally developed for GPU, like CUDA. This implementation offers the best response for all the presented cases, although its advantage of using more than one GPU occurs only in large networks.

Attitudes toward physician-assisted death among medical students differ between populations. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes towards euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among Spanish university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by asking undergraduate students of the University of Santiago de Compostela to complete an anonymous 17-item questionnaire. Most participants exhibited a positive attitude towards physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, as well as towards their legalization. Attitudes were consistent with the underlying ethical reasoning, with no differences in terms of age, gender or academic degree. In addition, consistency was found between attitudes and willingness to participate in physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, should they be legal. The results showed that the attitudes of medical students towards euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide were positive and similar to non-medical students.

El Grado en Ingeniería Agraria por la Universidad de León (España) habilita el ejercicio profesional de Ingeniero Técnico Agrícola. Durante la formación es necesario desarrollar habilidades técnicas (duras) -algunas económicas y empresariales- y habilidades sociales (blandas). Con el fin de mejorar la adquisición de estas competencias, se aplicaron las metodologías de Aprendizaje Basado en Retos y Lean Startup en la asignatura de Principios de Economía y Administración de Empresas Agrarias. Los estudiantes se mostraron satisfechos con la experiencia y presentaron nueve prototipos para ofrecer soluciones sobre digitalización, comercio electrónico, bioeconomía, sostenibilidad y medio ambiente. Además, se registró una mejora en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes.

One of the main challenges in higher education is promoting students' autonomous and self-regulated learning, which involves managing their own emotions and learning processes in different contexts and circumstances. Considering that online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic may be an opportunity for university students to take greater responsibility for their learning, it is essential to explore the strategies they have developed in the face of emotional and learning challenges during the health crisis. This study aimed at analyzing the relationships between students' emotions, coping strategies, and self-regulated learning in online learning during COVID-19 home confinement. The participants were 1,290 Mexican students from different universities throughout the country, who answered an online self-report questionnaire from standardized instruments adapted to the pandemic. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential analyses, including a structural equation model. Findings indicate that, although anxiety, boredom, and frustration were present among participants during confinement, the primary emotions were gratitude, joy, and hope. Second, the main coping strategies used by students participating were focused on facing and reassessing the situation. Furthermore, tranquility, hope, gratitude, and joy were positively related to self-regulated learning, although, loneliness and disinterest were negatively related. Finally, it was found that an approach to coping strategies mediated the relationship between emotions and self-regulated learning. Thus, teachers should help students understand the relevance of active coping strategies and use student-centered learning models that promote autonomous and self-regulated learning, considering each learner's needs, during and after confinement.

Historians and philosophers of science generally conceptualize scientific progress to be dichotomous, viz., experimental observations lead to scientific laws, which later facilitate the elaboration of explanatory theories. There is considerable controversy in the literature with respect to Mendeleev’s contribution to the origin, nature, and development of the periodic table. The objectives of this study are to explore and reconstruct: a) periodicity in the periodic table as a function of atomic theory; b) role of predictions in scientific theories and its implications for the periodic table; and c) Mendeleev’s contribution: theory or an empirical law? The reconstruction shows that despite Mendeleev’s own ambivalence, periodicity of properties of chemical elements in the periodic table can be attributed to the atomic theory. It is argued that based on the Lakatosian framework, predictions play an important role in the development of scientific theories. In this context, Mendeleev’s predictions played a crucial role in the development of the periodic table. Finally, it is concluded that Mendeleev’s contribution can be considered as an “interpretative” theory which became “explanatory” after the periodic table was based on atomic numbers.Author Keywords: Periodic table; Mendeleev’s contribution; Theory; Empirical law; Interpretative theory

This book offers a systematized overview of Ian Hacking's work. It presents Hacking’s oeuvre as a network made up of four interconnected key nodes: styles of scientific thinking & doing, probability, making up people, and experimentation and scientific realism. Its central claim is that Michel Foucault’s influence is the underlying thread that runs across the Canadian philosopher’s oeuvre. Foucault’s imprint on Hacking’s work is usually mentioned in relation to styles of scientific reasoning and the human sciences. This research shows that Foucault’s influence can in fact be extended beyond these fields, insofar the underlying interest to the whole corpus of Hacking’s works, namely the analysis of conditions of possibility, is stimulated by the work of the French philosopher. Displacing scientific realism as the central focus of Ian Hacking’s oeuvre opens up a very different landscape, showing, behind the apparent dispersion of his works, the far-reaching interest that amalgamates them: to reveal the historical and situated conditions of possibility for the emergence of scientific objects and concepts. This book shows how Hacking’s deployment concepts such as looping effect, making up people, and interactive kinds, can complement Foucauldian analyses, offering an overarching perspective that can provide a better explanation of the objects of the human sciences and their behaviors.

La obra de Antonio Machado muestra una conocida amplitud temática que se manifiesta, además de en su poética, en sus aportaciones a la filosofía. El presente artículo pretende acercarse a su figura desde la conjunción entre la poética y la filosofía en base a un concepto fundamental en su obra: la alteridad. Como consecuencia de la quiebra de la razón moderna, el solipsismo de corte cartesiano quedó en suspenso. Es en este momento en el que tanto en Europa como en la España de finales del siglo XIX surge una tendencia hacia la alteridad o reconocimiento del otro, tal y como veremos en la obra de Machado y en personajes esenciales de su producción como Juan de Mairena así como, también, en otros autores de la generación del 98.

The increasing concern about ethics and integrity in research communities has brought attention to how students and junior academics can be trained on this regard. Moreover, it is known that ethical behaviour and integrity not only involve individual but also group norms and considerations. Thus, through action research and participant observation, this research investigates the learning processes through which 64 students collaboratively develop research ethics and integrity competencies. The aim was to understand how bachelor, master and PhD students approach ethical dilemma cases through a collaborative process. The data consisted of recorded group work on ethics cases, student group reports, and post-training questionnaires. Later, the analyses considered groups as the unit of analysis. These data were analysed through content analysis utilizing the SOLO taxonomy to identify levels of understanding and assess evolvement of ethical sensitivity during a case-based training session. The results show that all groups reached the level of understanding where the groups demonstrated that concepts had been understood appropriately, but occasionally struggled to make connections between them. Students perceived working collaboratively as beneficial. The results help teachers of research ethics and integrity to make pedagogically justified choices in their teaching. Drawing on the results of this study, we propose a tool for the formative assessment of student learning of research ethics and integrity.

Imagination has received a great deal of attention in different fields such as psychology, philosophy and the cognitive sciences, in which some works provide a detailed account of the mechanisms involved in the creation and elaboration of imaginary worlds. Although imagination has also been formalized using different logical systems, none of them captures those dynamic mechanisms. In this work, we take inspiration from the Common Frame for Imagination Acts, that identifies the different processes involved in the creation of imaginary worlds, and we use it to define a dynamic formal system called the Logic of Imagination Acts. We build our logic by using a possible-worlds semantics, together with a new set of static and dynamic modal operators. The role of the new dynamic operators is to call different algorithms that encode how the formal model is expanded in order to capture the different mechanisms involved in the creation and development of imaginary worlds. We provide the definitions of the language, the semantics and the algorithms, together with an example that shows how the model is expanded. By the end, we discuss some interesting features of our system, and we point out to possible lines of future work.

El objetivo es explorar la relación entre el nivel silábico de escritura y la Conciencia Fonológica en niños hispanohablantes. La CF tiene un desarrollo estrechamente ligado al conocimiento del sistema de escritura; las hipótesis principales del presente trabajo son: a) la presencia de estímulos escritos en la tarea de omisión favorece su resolución correcta; b) el orden de presentación de las tareas favorece una mejor realización de CF. Se entrevistó a 40 niños de tercer año de preescolar de escuelas públicas. La investigación hace aportes para el análisis de los procesos por los que atraviesan los niños en el proceso dealfabetización inicial y, por lo tanto, su impacto trasciende al sistema de educación básica para desarrollar situaciones y métodos educativos que contribuyan en la creación de una propuesta didáctica para la alfabetización inicial.The main objective is to explore the relation between the syllabic writing level and phonological awareness in Spanish-speaking children. Phonological awareness has a development very closeto the writing knowledge; the mains hypotheses are: a) the physical presence of writing stimulus favors the construction of better answers; b) the order in which the omission tasks were presented was also shown to be an important factor insolving the phonological awareness task. We interviewed 40 pre-school kids from public system. This research contributes to the analyses the way children learn the alphabetic principle, hence it findings can help to propose didactic situations in early alphabetization

In a variety of synaesthesia, photisms result from affect-laden stimuli as emotional words, or faces of familiar people. For R, who participated in this study, the sight of a familiar person triggers a mental image of "a human silhouette filled with colour". Subjective descriptions of synaesthetic experiences induced by the visual perception of people's figures and faces show similarities with the reports of those who claim to possess the ability to see the aura. It has been proposed that the purported auric perception may be easily explained by the presence of a specific subtype of cross-modal perception. We analyse the subjective reports of four synaesthetes who experience colours in response to human faces and figures. These reports are compared with descriptions of alleged auric phenomena found in the literature and with claims made by experts in esoteric spheres. The discrepancies found suggest that both phenomena are phenomenologically and behaviourally dissimilar

Utilizamos una herramienta de gamificación, un sistema de votación electrónica, en una asignatura a nivel universitario. Analizamos si el uso de dicha herramienta en las actividades de la evaluación continua repercutió o no en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, concretamente, en los resultados del examen final. Para ello recopilamos datos sobre las características del alumnado potencialmente influyentes en el rendimiento académico que estudiamos aplicando técnicas de análisis de datos descriptivas e inferenciales. El resultado muestra que el alumnado puede llegar a incrementar hasta en casi 2 puntos su nota, según su ratio de aciertos con el sistema de votación electrónica.