Steven Nadler

Résumé La première lettre d’Arnauld à Leibniz, le 13 mars 1686, fut écrite peu de temps après la publication de ses Réflexions philosophiques et théologiques contre le Traité de la nature et de la grâce de Malebranche, dans lesquelles il critique la manière dont l’oratorien rend compte de la nature et de l’étendue de la providence divine. Or, bien que les premiers échanges entre Arnauld et Leibniz semblent privilégier la question de la liberté divine, le problème de la providence est lui aussi bien présent. J’essaie de montrer que les positions d’Arnauld sur la providence, d’abord dirigées contre Malebranche dans les Réflexions, aident à jeter une lumière nouvelle sur ce qui constitue l’objet principal de ses préoccupations quand il réagit négativement au sommaire de l’article XIII du Discours de métaphysique, et que les réponses de Leibniz aux objections d’Arnauld ont elles-mêmes été influencées par sa connaissance précise de la controverse entre Arnauld et Malebranche.

_John Stuart Mill_ investigates the central elements of the 19th century philosopher’s most profound and influential works, from _On Liberty_ to _Utilitarianism_ and _The Subjection of Women_. Through close analysis of his primary works, it reveals the very heart of the thinker’s ideas, and examines them in the context of utilitarianism, liberalism and the British empiricism prevalent in Mill’s day. Presents an analysis of the full range of Mill’s primary writings, getting to the core of the philosopher’s ideas. Examines the central elements of Mill’s writings in easily accessible prose Places Mill’s work and thought within the larger cultural and social context of 19th century Britain Illustrates the continued relevance of Mill’s philosophy to today’s reader.

Spinoza's moral philosophy was neglected in favor of his views in metaphysics and epistemology. Spinoza's discussion in the Ethics suggests that while ‘good’ and ‘bad’ do not refer to real intrinsic features of things, nevertheless they can bear an objectivist burden. The notion of conatus lies at the heart of Spinoza's moral psychology and theory of motivation. In Spinoza's view, then, human beings are thoroughly egoistic agents. An agent's power or striving may be directed either by random sense experience and the imagination. Spinoza identifies living according to one's own nature with living according to the guidance of reason. Spinoza has shown that all of the human emotions are constantly directed outward, towards things and their tendencies to affect us one way or another.

Part of Berkeley's strategy in his attack on materialism in the Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous is to argue that the epistemological distinction between ideas of so-called primary qualities and ideas of secondary qualities, especially as this distinction is found in Locke, is untenable. Both kinds of ideas-those presenting to the mind the quantifiable properties of bodies and those which are just sensations -are equally perceptions in the mind, and there is no reason to believe that one kind represents true properties of independently existing external objects while the other kind does not.

Gramsci and the Italian State. By Richard Bellamy and Darrow Schecter (Manchester and New York Manchester University Press, 1993), xvi + 203 pp. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588. By Wallace MacCaffrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), x + 530 pp. Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588–1603. By Wallace MacCaffrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), xvi + 592 pp. Figures on the Horizon. Edited by Jerrold Seigel (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1993), xix + 278 pp. £29.50, $53.00 cloth. Logomachia: The Conflict of the Faculties. Edited by Richard Rand (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), xii + 218 pp., £27.00 cloth, £11.95 paper. The Origins of French Art Criticism from the Anden Régime to the Restoration. By Richard Wrigley (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993), xii + 427 pp. The Madness of Kings: Personal Trauma and the Fate of Nations. By Vivian Green (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), xiii + 322 pp., $35.00 cloth. 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Political Writings. By Joseph Priestley, edited by Peter Miller (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) xxxix + 147 pp. £30.00 cloth, £10.95 paper. Blessings in Disguise; or, The Morality of Evil. By Jean Starobinski, translated by A. Goldham‐mer (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993) 235 pp. $39.95 cloth. Questions of Identity: Czech and Slovak Ideas of Nationality and Personality. By Robert Pynsent (London: Oxford University Press, 1994) 244 pp. $49.94/£25.00 cloth. Voltaire: Political Writings. Edited by David Williams (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) lii + 290 pp. $59.95/£35.00 cloth, $16.95/ £12.95 paper. The Rise and Fall of the Grenvilles: The Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos 1710–1921. By John Beckette (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994) xii + 308 pp. $79.95 cloth; $29.95 paper. Guillaume le Taciturne. By Bernard Quilliet (Paris: Fayard, 1994) 654 pp. FF. 170. 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William Of Ockham Quodlibetal Questions Vols. 1 and 2 translated by Alfred J. Freddoso and Francis E. Kelley, Yale University Press 1991. ISBN 0–300–04832–7 (set) The Philosophical Writings of Descartes Vol. III: The Correspondence trans. by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch and A. Kenny Cambridge University Press, 1991, xviii + 412 pp Cartesian Method and the Problem of Reduction by Emily R. Grosholz, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1991. viii + 161 pp Cartesian Logic: An Essay on Descartes's Conception of Inference by Stephen Gaukroger, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1989. viii + 145 pp La philosophie d'Antoine Arnauld by A. R. Ndiaye, Paris: J. Vrin, 1991. 376 pp Stuart Brown, ed. Nicolas Malebranche: His Philosophical Critics and Successors Assen: Van Gorcum, 1991, 173 pp The Equality of the Sexes by François Poulain de la Barre, Classics of Philosophy and Science, translated with an introduction and notes by Desmond M. Clarke, Manchester University Press: Manchester and New York, 1990, pp. 149, £35.00 Expérience et Raison: les Fondements de la Morale selon Locke by J. M. Vienne, Paris, Vrin, 1991, 298 pp Rezension der Schrift: ‘Britische Gassendi‐Rezeption am Beispiel John Lockes’ von Rolf W. Puster, (Quaestiones. Themen und Gestalten der Philosophie 3), Friedrich Frommann Verlag. Stuttgart‐Bad Cannstatt 1991 (168 Seiten) The Light of the Soul Theories of Ideas in Leibniz, Malebranche and Descartes by Nicholas Jolley, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1990. pp. x + 209 The New Art of Autobiography: An Essay On the Life of Giambattista Vico Written by Himself by Donald Phillip Verene, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. pp. xi + 263. Price £30.00 The Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant, trans. Mary Gregor, Cambridge University Press, 1992, £30.00 h/b, £10.95 pb Kant and his Influence ed. by G. MacDonald Ross and T. McWalter, Bristol: Thoemmes, 1990. pp. xv + 374. £40.00 Menachem Fisch William Whewell: Philosopher of Science Oxford: Clarendon Press (Oxford University Press), 1991. pp. xiv + 220. £30. ISBN 0 19 824240 9 Bradley: A Research Bibliography by Richard Ingardia. Bowling Green, Ohio: Philosophy Documentation Center, 1991. pp. 195. US$35. ISBN 0–912632–88–7 Russell's Idealist Apprenticeship by Nicholas Griffin, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. pp. xiv + 410. Price £45.00.

The French philosopher and theologian Nicholas Malebranche was one of the most important thinkers of the early modern period. A bold and unorthodox thinker, he tried to synthesize the new philosophy of Descartes with the religious Platonism of St. Augustine. This is the first collection of essays to address Malebranche's thought comprehensively and systematically. There are chapters devoted to Malebranche's metaphysics, his doctrine of the soul, his epistemology, the celebrated debate with Arnauld, his philosophical method, his occasionalism and theory of causality, his philosophical theology, his account of freedom, his moral philosophy, and his intellectual legacy

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:In MemoriamSteven Nadler, PresidentIt is with deep sadness that the Board of Directors of the Journal of the History of Philosophy, Inc., mourn the passing of Gerald Press, who died suddenly on December 26, 2022, at the age of seventy-seven.Jerry was a longtime member of the JHP Board. He was book review editor for the Journal from 1990 to 1997, and editor from 1998 to 2003. He also served terms as treasurer and vice president.Jerry received his PhD in 1974 from the University of California-San Diego, where he worked with Richard Popkin (who established the Journal in 1957). He was a professor of philosophy at Hunter College and the CUNY Graduate Center for forty years and proud chair of the Thomas Hunter Honors Program from 2012 to 2020. A specialist in ancient Greek philosophy, Jerry was the author of Plato: A Guide for the Perplexed (2007), as well as numerous articles and reviews. He was also editor of the volumes Plato's Dialogues: New Studies and Interpretations (1993); Who Speaks for Plato? Studies in Platonic Anonymity (2000); and The Continuum Guide to Plato (2012).A passionate teacher, dedicated mentor, and learned scholar, Jerry was warm, generous, and totally unpretentious. He will be greatly missed by his many students, colleagues, and friends. Our condolences go out to his family. [End Page 1]Copyright © 2023 Journal of the History of Philosophy, Inc....

In this book the philosophers Steve Nadler and Lawrence Shapiro will explain why bad thinking happens to good people. Why is it, they ask, that so large a segment of public can go so wrong in both how they come to form the opinions they do and how they fail to appreciate the moral consequences of acting on them. Their diagnosis of the current state of affairs in America, at least, is this: a significant proportion of the population is stupid. They intend this not as mere name-calling, but a diagnosis of a problem that we neglect at our peril. By "stupid" they do not mean lacking intelligence, knowledge, education, skill or savvy. Stupidity, as they understand it, is a character flaw deserving of blame. Unlike ignorance or lack of intelligence-and bearing in mind that even very smart people can be stupid-it is generally avoidable. Stupid people do not have to be stupid. But they typically refuse to take the steps that would cure them of their condition. This book is our effort to illuminate the various dimensions of stupidity so that it might be more easily recognized and treated. The philosophical subjects of epistemology, which addresses what knowledge is and how to distinguish knowing something from merely believing it, and ethics, the study of the moral principles that ought to govern our behavior, can help us understand the difficult and perilous situation in which we now find ourselves. As philosophers, Nadler and Shapiro will aim to offer a way forward through the tools of philosophy-its questions, its methods and even its millennia-old history of recommendations for how to lead a good and rational life. As they will show, the most potent antidote to stupidity is the wisdom and insights, as well as the practical skills provided by philosophy and its history.

Three general accounts of causation stand out in early modern philosophy: Cartesian interactionism, occasionalism, and Leibniz's preestablished harmony. The contributors to this volume examine these theories in their philosophical and historical context. They address them both as a means for answering specific questions regarding causal relations and in their relation to one another, in particular, comparing occasionalism and the preestablished harmony as responses to Descartes's metaphysics and physics and the Cartesian account of causation. Philosophers discussed include Descartes, Gassendi, Malebranche, Arnauld, Leibniz, Bayle, La Forge, and other, less well-known figures

Three general accounts of causation stand out in early modern philosophy: Cartesian interactionism, occasionalism, and Leibniz's preestablished harmony. The contributors to this volume examine these theories in their philosophical and historical context. They address them both as a means for answering specific questions regarding causal relations and in their relation to one another, in particular, comparing occasionalism and the preestablished harmony as responses to Descartes's metaphysics and physics and the Cartesian account of causation. Philosophers discussed include Descartes, Gassendi, Malebranche, Arnauld, Leibniz, Bayle, La Forge, and other, less well-known figures.

The world of Spinoza scholarship has seen a number of remarkable achievements in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. There was the publication of an expanded, two-volume edition of Jakob Freudenthal's Die Lebensgeschichte Spinozas by Manfred Walther and Michael Czelinski in 2006, an indispensable resource for documents related to Spinoza's life and writings. Then there was the stunning discovery by Leen Spruit in 2010 of a manuscript of Spinoza's Ethics in the Vatican Library—the first extant copy.Most important of all, however, is the project under the general direction of Pierre-François Moreau and the auspices of the Groupe de Recherches Spinozistes, and published by the...